It
It is a pronoun used to refer to a specific thing, fact, place, and situation.
Example:
I visited John’s farm. It was big and clean.
My dog ate my biscuit. It was probably hungry.
We also use it to refer to time, distance, and weather.
Example:
What time is it now?
How far is it from here to your hometown?
It was rainy yesterday.
That, This
That is used to refer to an object that is far from the speaker.
Example:
That red box is used to keep my children’s toys. (Pointing to a box)
This is used to refer to an object which is close to the speaker.
Example:
This is my latest invention. (The speaker is either holding the object or has the object near him/her)
These, Those
These – used to refer to objects that are near the speaker.
Example:
These samples are well-made.
Those – used to refer to objects that are far from the speaker.
Example:
Those apples in that stall look delicious!
Sometimes, we use this, that, these, and those, as pronouns.
Example:
Who owns this (book)?
What are these (fruits)?
Please hand me those (boxes)