A complex sentence is formed when an independent clause (simple sentence) is joined with one or more dependent clauses. This form of sentence is mainly used to provide more details to explain the main point. Usually, a comma is used to separate the clauses.
In most cases, subordinating conjunctions are used to link the independent clause to a dependent clause. They are placed at the beginning of a dependent clause or right after the independent clause.
Examples of subordinating conjunctions: although, like, because, even though, if, since, whenever.
The order of clauses is of no bearing when writing complex sentences. You can switch them as long as the sentence makes sense.
Structure:
| Independent clause + dependent clause |
| Dependent clause (,) + independent clause |
Examples of Complex Sentences with more than two clauses.
| While they agreed to take part in the project, I don’t seem to see their enthusiasm, and whenever I brought up the topic, they try to downplay the issue. (4 clauses) |
| Since they started dating, everyone thinks they are a perfect couple, whereas they are actually just trying to maintain their public image. (3 clauses) |
| The home confinement measure was implemented in March 2020, and although it was supposed to last only until the end of June, it continued until the end of September. (3 clauses) |
Tips:
The use of a comma depends on which clause the sentence begins with.
If the complex sentence starts with a dependent clause, place a comma between it and the independent clause.
If the complex sentence starts with an independent clause, no comma is required.
Example:
| Incorrect | Correct |
| Now that he’s wealthy and famous, people tend to put up with his eccentricity, something he was not granted with in the past. | Now that he’s wealthy and famous, people tend to put up with his eccentricity, something he was not granted with in the past. |