Conjunctive adverbs are words which main use is to connect phrases and clauses. They enable smooth transitions between ideas. They make the writer’s meaning a little clearer.
List of Conjunctive Adverbs and Their Uses
Below is a list of some common conjunctive adverbs and when we use them in sentences.
Cause and Effect
accordingly
consequently
therefore
hence
subsequently
then
therefore
thus
hence
Addition
also
furthermore
besides
moreover
Contrast
conversely
however
instead
nevertheless
nonetheless
otherwise
still
Time
meanwhile
since
lately
Sequence
first
next
finally
Emphasis
indeed
definitely
Comparison
similarly
likewise
How to Form Conjunctive Adverbs
Conjunctive adverbs link two main clauses. In this case, they function as coordinating conjunctions, joining two dependent clauses. It is important to note that in order to connect these two clauses, we use the following structure:
MAIN CLAUSE + ; + Conjunctive Adverb + , + MAIN CLAUSE
Note the use of a semicolon instead of a comma after the first main clause in the following examples.
The bad weather discouraged Tom to take his morning walk; moreover, he had many things to do that morning.
They are not easily motivated with money; otherwise, they would have just kept the truth about the issue.
She ate a whole bowl of soup; then, to her mom’s surprise, she finished two cups of rice.
- We also introduce, interrupt, or conclude one main clause using conjunctive adverbs. In this case, we often use commas in order to separate the conjunctive adverb from the other parts of the sentence.
This month, the company was supposed to take us on a company retreat. Instead, they were considering giving everyone a leadership training.
He didn’t want to keep seeing her anymore. He decided, nevertheless, to take her out one last time.
After surfing all afternoon, Matt was too tired to cook dinner. He did eat some leftovers, however.
- In cases where the break is weak, there is no need to use a comma.
Sofia called to inform that she can’t conduct her classes today. Stephanie will therefore have to fill in for her.
The shrimp dish triggered her allergies. Going to that seafood restaurant was not a good idea indeed.