Test 338

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Test 317

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Past Continuous

The past continuous describes ongoing events or actions in the past.
Structure:

subject +auxiliary “be” +main verb
was, werepresent participle ( -ing )

Functions of the Past Continuous:
To describe the background of a story before telling more about what happened.

It was getting dark. I was walking down the street. Some people were gathering at a distance. Out of nowhere…”

To talk about an unfinished action that was stopped by another action or event.

I was having a nice dream when the phone rang.
They were watching TV when suddenly the power went out.

To talk about actions or events that were happening at a certain time.

At 8 o’clock yesterday morning, I was walking to school.
At 9 o’clock last night, I was studying.

Difference in meaning:

When my mother left home, I prepared my breakfast. – I started preparing my breakfast after she left.

When my mother left home, I was preparing breakfast. – I started preparing my breakfast before she left home.

Tips:
1. Always remember the form be + ing.

incorrectcorrect
I was read a book.I was reading a booking.
She was dance Flamenco.She was dancing Flamenco.

2. Spell correctly.
If a verb ends in e, remove the e then add -ing.
live = She was living in Madrid.

If a verb ends in one vowel and one consonant, double the final consonant then add -ing.
sit = He was sitting down.

Exception: For verbs ending in w and y, do not double the consonant.
draw = He was drawing.
pray = They were praying.

Test 706

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Word Order: Place + Time

The way words are placed or arranged in a sentence is called word order. It is important to place these words correctly in order to express your thoughts and ideas. The word order also affects the meaning of a sentence.

In an English sentence, the basic word order is Subject + Verb + Object

Example:

SubjectVerbObject
Mariadrinkswine.
Iplayhockey.

When we want to tell more about the verb, we use adverbs. If more than one adverb is used, we have to follow the order of adverbs.

Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object + Adverb Of Place + Adverb Of Time
Place usually comes before Time.

SubjectVerbObjectPlaceTime
She seesAlbertoat the gymevery morning.
Wearrivedhomeat 9 o’clock.
Iwalkto schoolevery morning.

The adverb of time can also be used at the beginning of a sentence.

Example:

Every Sunday, he goes to the park.
Today, I’m quitting my job.
Note: Time is placed at the beginning of the sentence but the rest of the sentence follows the word order (S+V+O).

Tips:

Place or Time should never be placed between the verb and the object.

IncorrectCorrect
I have in the bedroom the books.I have the books in the bedroom.
They play every Monday football.They play football every Monday.

Complex Sentences (with more than Two Clauses)

A complex sentence is formed when an independent clause (simple sentence) is joined with one or more dependent clauses. This form of sentence is mainly used to provide more details to explain the main point. Usually, a comma is used to separate the clauses.

In most cases, subordinating conjunctions are used to link the independent clause to a dependent clause. They are placed at the beginning of a dependent clause or right after the independent clause.

Examples of subordinating conjunctions: although, like, because, even though, if, since, whenever.

The order of clauses is of no bearing when writing complex sentences. You can switch them as long as the sentence makes sense.

Structure:

Independent clause + dependent clause
Dependent clause (,) + independent clause

Examples of Complex Sentences with more than two clauses.

While they agreed to take part in the project, I don’t seem to see their enthusiasm, and whenever I brought up the topic, they try to downplay the issue. (4 clauses)
Since they started dating, everyone thinks they are a perfect couple, whereas they are actually just trying to maintain their public image. (3 clauses)
The home confinement measure was implemented in March 2020, and although it was supposed to last only until the end of June, it continued until the end of September. (3 clauses)

Tips:

The use of a comma depends on which clause the sentence begins with.

If the complex sentence starts with a dependent clause, place a comma between it and the independent clause.
If the complex sentence starts with an independent clause, no comma is required.

Example:

IncorrectCorrect
Now that he’s wealthy and famous, people tend to put up with his eccentricity, something he was not granted with in the past.Now that he’s wealthy and famous, people tend to put up with his eccentricity, something he was not granted with in the past.

Test 328

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Test 695

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Creative Activities that Can Make You Happier

B2 – Upper Intermediate

We can’t always have control over the conditions and events in our lives. However, we have the ability to choose how we think and feel about our circumstances, as well as how we respond to them. The activities we do always have an effect on our physical and mental health.

Read this article to learn about some creative activities that can make you happier.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/five-creative-activities-happiness_l_64b7f9efe4b0dcb4cab6a23a

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “play a role” mean? “They may also play a role in morbidity and mortality, weight distribution, blood pressure, and other physical qualities.” Use this phrase in a sentence.
  2. Define “safe outlet” in this context. “Activities such as singing and dancing are transformational because they enable us to process a variety of emotions either by providing a safe outlet for their expression or their release.” Make a sentence with this phrase in this context.
  3. What does “partake in” mean? “Generally, any activity that you take the time to partake in outside of your daily routine can improve your mental and physical well-being.” Use this in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What do you think of the activities mentioned in the article?
  2. What are some examples of creative activities that you personally find bring you happiness?
  3. Do you think there is a connection between creativity and personal happiness? Why or why not?
  4. Are there any potential downsides or challenges associated with relying on creative activities for happiness?
  5. How do you incorporate creative activities into your daily or weekly routine to enhance your own happiness?

Breastfeeding Experiment 

B1 – Intermediate

Breastfeeding is a natural and essential way for mothers to nourish their newborns. Mothers produce a special kind of milk that provides all the necessary nutrients for a baby’s growth and development. It also promotes a strong bond between the mother and the baby, creating a sense of closeness and security.

In this lesson, a social experiment was conducted, where people tested how others react to breastfeeding in public.

Listen to this audio and read the transcript.

https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/breastfeeding-experiment-level-2/

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “social experiment” mean? “People created a social experiment to see how others really react to breastfeeding in public spaces. Part of the experiment showed a situation on the tube in London.” Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does “increasingly” mean? “The man became increasingly louder.” Use it in a sentence.
  3. What does “step in” mean? “One of the passengers stepped in” Use it in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What are your initial thoughts and feelings about the social experiment? Elaborate.
  2. Should breastfeeding in public be considered a normal and acceptable practice? Why / Why not?
  3. What are some ways society can promote and normalize breastfeeding in public spaces while respecting the comfort of all individuals involved?
  4. Should there be designated breastfeeding areas in public spaces, or should mothers have the right to breastfeed anywhere they feel comfortable? Talk about it.