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Are Friends Better Than Family?

B1 – Intermediate

For most people, friends are just as important to them as their families while others can easily choose one over the other.

A study shows that one between these two types of relationships is a better predictor of health and happiness, so which one do you think is it?

Let’s find out:

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/health-lifestyle-friends-or-family/3952739.html

Let’s talk:

  • What do you think of the study?
  • Do you feel that “blood is thicker than water”? (Family comes first.)
    Or do you feel that friends are more important? Or do you think both are equally valuable?
  • How do members of a family support each other? / How do friends support each other?
  • Do you prefer to have many friends or just a few close ones?
  • What are the benefits of having just a few close friends? How about the benefits of having many friends? Are there disadvantages for both too?
  • How close are you to your family? How about your extended family? (cousins, aunts, great uncles etc.)

Try explaining these statements:

  • “If a friendship has survived the test of time, you know it must be a good one.”
  • “You can choose your friends, but you can’t choose your family.”
  • “Treat your family like friends and your friends like family.”

** Share any quotes about friendship and family.

 

How to Become More Disciplined?

B2 – Upper Intermediate

We all have bad habits that we want to get rid of. Have you ever tried changing your behavior and end up going back to it again after few days or months? Then, perhaps you are not doing it right.

There are certain tricks we can employ in order to be more disciplined. Willpower is the key in this case.

Let’s watch this video and learn from the life story of Lucas. Prepare to discuss your thoughts after watching.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How did Lucas become more self-disciplined?
  2. What kind of behaviors do you want to change and be more disciplined in?
  3. Would you consider yourself disciplined. How did you become so?
  4. Are you consistent with your good habits? If no, why? If yes, then how do you remain consistent?
  5. How can one resist temptations so we may be able to stick to our habits?

Adverbial Phrases of Time, Place, and Frequency

We use adverbial phrases of time, place, and frequency to describe where, when, or how often an action takes place.

Adverbial Phrases of Frequency

  • In describing how often something happens, you need an adverbial phrase of frequency.

every day (daily); every week (weekly); every month (monthly); every year (annually); once a day; twice a year; five times a month; all the time

Form

He hunts rabbits every weekend.

They train every other day.

She takes classes five times a month.

Adverbial Phrases of Time

  • To talk about when something happens, you need an adverbial phrase of time.

today; tomorrow; tonight; yesterday; nowadays; now; first of all; beforehand; soon; afterwards; later; next; then

Forms

  • Adverbial phrases of time usually go either at the beginning or the end of a sentence or clause.

Tomorrow afternoon, I’m going to the free cities.

I’m going to the free cities tomorrow afternoon.

First of all, let’s have ale at an inn.

Let’s have ale at an inn first of all.

I’m going to the flea market and afterwards, I’m going to the citadel.

I’m going to the flea market and I’m going to the citadel afterwards.

  • Use then at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Then, we saw the pier.

She’s going to finish cooking and then she’s going to sew some dresses.

  • Use soon and now at the end of a sentence.

She’s going to quit her job soon.

Arya is calling home now.

Adverbial Phrases of Place

  • To describe where something happens, you need an adverbial phrase of place.

outside; inside; indoors; outdoors; upstairs; downstairs; (over) here; (over) there; abroad; overseas

Forms

  • Adverbial phrases of place usually go after a verb.

They were exiled in another country.

Let’s keep them under this desk.

  • They also go after the object of the sentence.

The maester works in the library upstairs.

Your horse is on the stable over there.

Adverbial Phrases Exercise

Answer this exercise on adverbial phrases.

1. She sees him ______.

a. always

b. once in a while

c. hardly


2. Jake plays football ______.

a. every week

b. all the days

c. Saturdays


3. His family lives ______.

a. in the flat upstairs

b. in the upstairs flat

c. in the above flat


4. Mrs. Jones ______ late for lessons.
a. never is

b. is never
c. always are

5. I hardly ever go shopping _______.

a. soon

b. these days

c. today


6. I _____ my homework on time. 
a. do always

b. always do

c. do never


7. She ______ her mobile phone.

a. almost always leaves

b. always almost leaves

c. leaves always

8. Tim always goes cycling ___ Sundays.

a. every

b. all the

c. on

9. I’m going to visit my family ______.

a. tomorrow tomorrow

b. the day after tomorrow
c. next next day


10. They only go out ______.

a. during occasions

b. on occasions

c. on special occasions

Find the answers to this exercise here.

See also: Adverbial Phrases of frequency, time and place and Inversion with Negative Adverbials.

For additional information on this topic, check out this Cambridge Grammar Lesson.

For other English grammar lessons, go to this page.

Relative Pronouns

 

SubjectObjectPossessive
whowho(m)whose
whichwhichwhose
thatthat
  • who and whom for people
  • which for things.
  • that for people or things

Usage

  • after a noun:

– The chapel that Baelor built.

– The person who discovered the prisoner’s secret .

– An eighth-grader who attempted to skip school.

 

  • to tell more about a person or thing:

– My sister, who studied abroad, has always been insightful.

– Lord Frey, who was 98, has just died.

– We had lemon cakes, which are Sansa’s favorite.

 

  • do not use that as a subject:

 

  • whose as the possessive form of who:

– This is Gregor, whose brother went to war with me.

 

  • whom / who as the object of a verb or preposition:

– This is Robb, whom you met at my daughter’s wedding. / This is Robb, who you met at my daughter’s wedding.

 

  • whom or which after a preposition:

– I had an uncle in Westeros, from who[m] I inherited a castle.

– We brought an axe, with which we cut up all the firewood.

or

  • preposition at the end of the clause:

– I had an uncle in Westeros who[m] I inherited a castle from.

– We brought an axe, which we cut all the firewood up with.

or

  • that at the beginning of the clause:

– I had an uncle in Westeros that I inherited a castle from.

– We brought an axe that we cut all the firewood up with.

Public Napping Space in Madrid

B1 – Intermediate

Siesta is an old Spanish tradition. With the advent of technology and amidst the fast-paced city life, a Spanish company opened a place for taking naps.

This Madrid-based nap bar said on their website, “The siesta is considered one of those small pleasures of life, especially recommended in every way for its clear health benefits”.

Listen to this audio and read the transcript about this interesting public napping space.

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/madrid-becomes-the-latest-city-to-open-public-napping-space/3976843.html

Discussion Questions:

  1. What do you think about Siesta & Go’s nap bar?
  2. Would you be interested in visiting a nap bar? Why? Why not?
  3. Are you able to sleep anywhere? Why? Why not?
  4. Do you think that naps are beneficial for one’s health? Why? Why not?
  5. Are there napping spaces in your town or city? If so, please describe how they work. If not, do you think there should be one? Why? Why not?

Present Simple

Usage:

  • for statements that are true all the time

I come from Spain.

Maria lives in Madrid.

They have two dogs.

Forms:

  • positive

I/You drink coffee at breakfast.

He/She/It drinks coffee at breakfast.

We/They drink coffee at breakfast.

  • Negative

I/You don’t drink coffee at breakfast.

He/She/It doesn’t drink coffee at breakfast.

We/They don’t drink coffee at breakfast.

  • Questions

Do I/you drink coffee at breakfast?

Does he/she/it drink coffee at breakfast?

Do we/they drink coffee at breakfast?

  • Short Answers

Yes, I/you do drink coffee at breakfast.

Yes, he/she/it does drink coffee at breakfast.

Yes, we/they do drink coffee at breakfast.

No, I/you don’t drink coffee at breakfast.

No, he/she/it doesn’t drink coffee at breakfast.

No, we/they don’t drink coffee at breakfast.

Spelling Rules: 3rd Person Singular Pronouns

  • verb ending in a consonant + y → i + es

marry → He marries Lucy today.

  • verbs ending in tch, ss, x, sh or z → + es.

pitch → He pitches his tent far from the river.

discuss → The teacher discusses climate change to 4th graders.

mix → The gardener mixes the soil with fertilizer.

blush → She blushes when complimented.

  • irregular verbs

I am → he/she/it is

I don’t → he/she/it doesn’t

I haven’t  →  he/she/it hasn’t