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Singapore’s Sewage Beer

B2 – Upper Intermediate

When it comes to creative beverages, Singapore has taken things to a whole new level with its unconventional yet sustainable drink — sewage beer. This innovative brew is crafted using recycled wastewater, turning what might seem unappealing into a clean, safe, and environmentally friendly product.

Read this article to know how this unusual idea came about.

https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/11/21/sewage-is-the-secret-ingredient-in-singapores-beer-a-country-with-no-natural-water-resourc

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “ramp up” mean? “Authorities have said they need to ramp up all water sources, as demand is expected to double by 2065.” Make a sentence with this.
  2. What’s the meaning of “hail from“? “Rummel told onlookers he was in a good position to judge beer, as he hailed from Munich, Germany, home to the Oktoberfest beer festival.” Use this in a sentence.
  3. Define “biennial“. “The idea was to showcase treated wastewater at the country’s biennial International Water Week.” Give two synonyms and make a sentence with this word.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What do you think about this type of beer? Would you try it? Why or why not?
  2. Do you think other countries should try this idea? How could it help them?
  3. How does this type of beer help the environment?
  4. Share your thoughts on this statement, “It’s important not to use the term ‘wastewater’ and instead call it ‘used water.‘“.
  5. Have you heard of any other drinks or products made using recycled water? What do you think about them?

The ‘Golden Handcuffs’ of High-Earning Jobs

B2- Upper Intermediate 

Perhaps one of the things that entice people to high-paying corporate jobs is the privileges that come with that job title. A fat paycheck, for one, remains a strong drive to pursue and persevere in such positions no matter the toll it could take on one’s personal life.

However, isn’t it a cliche that the bigger pay one receives, the greater the responsibilities put on their shoulders, which comes at a price of sacrificing their quality of life.

Unfortunately, it is very difficult to break free from the “golden handcuffs” of a top-tier salary.

Read this article about the so-called “golden handcuffs” of a six-figure payday.

Be ready to answer the questions that follow.

https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20240221-workers-shake-off-golden-handcuffs

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. Explain “golden handcuffs” in this context, “While some can shake off golden handcuffs for a healthier work-life balance, others find them nearly impossible to walk away from – and pay the price.” Use this term in a sentence.
  2. What does “to be at someone’s whim” mean? “Handsome compensation means employees are at the company’s whim.” Use this phrase in a sentence and give 2 synonyms or similar expressions.
  3. What does “to push someone over the edge” mean? “He says on top of “a poor work-life balance, the long hours negatively impacting my relationship, the bullying culture,” he didn’t see a path to promotion, which pushed him over the edge.” Use this idiom in a sentence and give 2 synonyms or similar expressions.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Have you ever been in a situation where you thought this way, “You accept those conditions in return for such a high salary – that’s the game. If you’re not working 12 hours straight, the response is ‘you’re being paid this much, so you have to’.”? Talk about it.
  2. Do you think this is fair, “Higher up the chain, the financial packages sweeten – and the golden handcuffs tighten.“? Share your point of view.
  3. Share your insights on this, “It’s more than a salary you’re tied to: it’s also lifestyle, friendship group and sense of worth.”.
  4. “These financial packages will be here to stay – and in an uncertain economy, more workers may end up sticking it out, no matter the circumstances.” Share your thoughts on this statement.
  5. How important is high compensation and job prestige for you personally?

Focusing on Neurodiverse Talent

B2- Upper Intermediate 

In this interview with global vice chair of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusiveness (DEI) Karyn Twaronite of Ernst & Young’s (EY), she talks about how tapping into the pool of neurodiverse talents benefits not only the workers, but also the company.

Read this article about how focusing on neurodiverse workers can help benefit both businesses and employees.

Be ready to answer the questions that follow.

https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20240320-ey-karyn-twaronite-neurodiversity-bbc-executive-interview

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “to climb the ranks” mean? “Throughout more than 30 years – all spent at Ernst & Young, now EY – Twaronite has climbed the ranks, rotating through different departments.” Use this phrase in a sentence and give 2 synonyms or similar expressions.
  2. What does “to keep someone on one’s toes” mean? “Today, as EY’s global vice chair of diversity, equity and inclusiveness, she oversees DEI programmes for 400,000 people across 150 countries. The group, says Twaronite, is around 80% Gen Z and millennial workers, average age about 27. “That keeps us on our toes innovation-wise.” Use this idiom in a sentence and give 2 synonyms or similar expressions.
  3. What does “all tides rise together” mean? “And this talent base has really been extremely beneficial for us, because all tides rise together on this population.” Use this expression in a sentence and give 2 synonyms or similar expressions.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Share your thoughts about hiring neurodiverse talent.
  2. What are the benefits and challenges that companies might face should they commit to inclusion for neurodiverse talent?
  3. Are companies in your country generally inclusive? Share something about this topic.
  4. What are some things your company does to embrace diversity, equity, and inclusiveness in the workplace?
  5. Is it important for you that a company you work for strive for diversity, equity, and inclusiveness? Explain. 

Genetic Risk Factors for Depression

B2 – Upper Intermediate

The study calculated 308 genes associated with a higher risk of depression and explored the impact of over 1,600 medications, identifying existing drugs like Pregabalin and Modafinil that could potentially treat depression. The findings aim to enhance the accuracy of predicting depression risks and diversify treatment options.

Read the article to know how experts welcomed the study’s diverse representation and emphasized addressing broader societal factors, such as poverty and racism, for depression prevention.

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/jan/14/scientists-find-hundreds-more-genetic-risk-factors-for-depression

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. Explain the term “genetic risk factor”. ” A global study has identified 300 previously unknown genetic risk factors for depression because it included a much wider population sample.” Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does “gene pool” mean? “Responding to the findings, Dr David Crepaz-Keay, the head of research and applied learning at the Mental Health Foundation, said that the study’s diverse gene pool was “a significant step forward” but that genetic risk factors should not be used as a definitive guide to treatment.
    “     Use it in a sentence.
  3. What does the word “cumulative” mean? “While each genetic risk factor for depression is very small, the cumulative impact for individuals with multiple DNA variants, can increase their risk, the study found.” Use it in a sentence and give 2 synonyms.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How do you feel about the idea that genetics play a significant role in depression?
  2. Does it change how you view mental health conditions?Now that researchers have identified hundreds of genetic risk factors for depression, do you think this will lead to more effective treatments in the near future?
  3. Would you consider taking a genetic test to assess your risk for depression if it could help with early intervention? Why or why not?
  4. Since genetics is only one factor in depression, what other influences—like environment, lifestyle, or stress—do you think play an equally important role?
  5. Share your thoughts on this, “Previous research into depression has primarily involved white, richer populations.“.

AI Shaping Proteomics and Multiomics

B2 – Upper Intermediate

This project leverages the extensive genetic database to train AI models, identifying precise disease subtypes for tailored treatments.

Read the article to know more about the launching of proteomics utilizing artificial intelligence to better understand and treat diseases.

https://www.technologynetworks.com/proteomics/articles/how-is-ai-shaping-proteomics-and-multiomics-395403

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. Explain the word “underpinning”. “Discovery research is incredibly important for interrogating the underpinning mechanisms of biological states, such as health and disease.” Use it in a sentence and give 2 synonyms.
  2. What does the word “bottleneck” mean here, “There’s one drawback, however; DIA generates large amounts of data, which creates a bottleneck.” Use it in a sentence and give 2 synonyms.
  3. Explain “pan-cancer cohort”. “Local models were trained on simulated sites that contained data from a pan-cancer cohort and 29 cohorts that were held behind firewalls, representing 8 countries and 19,930 DIA-MS runs.” Use it in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How do you feel about AI being used to analyze genetic and protein data to personalize disease treatments?
  2. Do you think AI-driven medical advancements will make healthcare more accessible, or could it widen the gap between those who can afford cutting-edge treatments and those who cannot?
  3. Since proteomics helps in understanding how proteins influence diseases, what conditions do you think could benefit the most from this research?
  4. Would you be open to having your genetic and protein data analyzed by AI to predict potential health risks, or would privacy concerns hold you back?

Huge Health Benefit of Coffee

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Recent research published in Nature Microbiology reveals that coffee consumption supports the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Analyzing stool samples from nearly 22,867 participants, the study found that coffee drinkers had higher levels of the beneficial bacterium Lachnospiraceae asaccharolyticus. Coffee’s polyphenols, including chlorogenic and quinic acid, may act as prebiotics, encouraging the growth of good bacteria in the gut. A diverse microbiome is crucial for overall health, influencing immune cells, digestion, and potentially impacting conditions like obesity and heart disease.

Read the article to know why moderate coffee consumption, even with added milk or sugar, can promote beneficial gut bacteria.

https://www.foodandwine.com/coffee-gut-health-benefits-11693595

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “eye-opening” mean? “Recent research found a surprising link between coffee and gut health, and the findings are eye-opening.” Use it in a sentence and give two synonyms.
  2. Explain “gut health”. “As if coffee drinkers needed another excuse to keep brewing their favorite cup, new research suggests that coffee is beneficial for gut health.” Use it in a sentence.
  3. Explain the word “tout”. “Known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, coffee has long been touted for its many health benefits.” Use it in a sentence and give two synonyms.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Have you ever noticed any changes in your digestion or gut health after drinking coffee regularly? Talk about it.
  2. Knowing that coffee may act as a prebiotic, do you think this will change how much or how often you drink it? Why or why not?
  3. Since coffee can support beneficial gut bacteria, do you think adding probiotics or fiber-rich foods to your diet could enhance the effect? Explain.
  4. Some people experience stomach discomfort from coffee—do you think the benefits outweigh the potential downsides for gut health? Explain.
  5. What are other ways to promote good gut health?

Inmates Learn to Code

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In an effort to break the cycle of incarceration, prisons are introducing coding programs to equip inmates with valuable tech skills. These initiatives aim to provide a second chance by preparing them for in-demand jobs in the tech industry. However, despite gaining technical expertise, many former inmates struggle to secure employment due to the stigma of a criminal record.

Read this article to learn about this coding program in prison.

https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/28/business/inmates-coding-jobs/index.html

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “to jump through the hoops” mean? “For Gaetz, and her students, jumping through the hoops is worth it.” Make a sentence with this.
  2. Define “to get hung up on something“. “Then he could hire whomever he wanted based on what they bring to the job today and not get hung up on anyone’s past.” Use this in a sentence.
  3. What is a “stumbling block“? “This lack of connection, activists say, is one of the stumbling blocks to reform.” Make a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Share your thoughts on this program.
  2. How can coding help former inmates reintegrate into society?
  3. What can be done to reduce the stigma of hiring former inmates?
  4. Should more prisons implement similar coding programs? Why or why not?
  5. What are the biggest barriers that formerly incarcerated coders face when job hunting?

Bricklayer Shortage Worsens UK Housebuilding Crisis

B1- Intermediate 

The housing crisis in the UK is getting worse. One factor that is contributing to it is a shortage of bricklayers. 

Read this lesson about how the shortage of bricklayers is making the UK housing crisis even worse.

Be ready to answer the questions that follow.

https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2503/250303-bricklayer-shortage-4.html

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. Explain the term “housing ladder”. “Britain needs more homes so young people can get on the housing ladder.” Use this phrase in a sentence.
  2. What does “rough sleeping” mean? “Rising rent and unaffordable housing have increased rough sleeping.” Use this phrase in a sentence.
  3. What does “to pull every lever” mean specifically in this context, “It said it was doing its best to build 300,000 new homes. It added: ‘We will pull every lever to deliver on our commitment.’?” Make a sentence using this idiom in the same context. Give another meaning of ‘pull a lever’.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What are the effects of the shortage of bricklayers in the UK?
  2. Is there a similar problem in your country with lack of construction workers? How is it affecting the housing industry of your country?
  3. What is your opinion on this, “The UK blamed the lack of workers on ‘years of underinvestment in skills’.”? Compare it with your country. Do you think the government invests enough in the citizens’ skills training?
  4. What kind of problems does the housing industry have in your country these days? Talk about some of them as detailed as you can.
  5. Is it also difficult for young people in your country to get on the housing ladder? Why is this?

The Five Balls of Life

B2 – Upper Intermediate 

Brian Dyson, former Coca-Cola CEO, made some speeches in his lifetime that had left a mark on everyone and several of them have gone viral since.

One of them is the one about what he calls, “The Five Balls of Life”.

Find out what “the five balls of life” is about. 

Be ready to answer the questions that follow.

https://shinecoachingbarcelona.com/5-balls-of-life-brian-dyson-speech

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “irrevocably” mean? “You will soon understand that work is a rubber ball. If you drop it, it will bounce back. But the other four balls – family, health, friends and spirit – are made of glass. If you drop one of these, they will be irrevocably scuffed, marked, nicked, damaged or even shattered.” Give two (2) synonyms or similar expressions and use ‘irrevocably‘ in your own sentence.
  2. What does “pillar” mean here, “Connecting with these pillars of who you are is a great way to grow energy, confidence and clarity.”? Use this word in a sentence in the same context.
  3. What does “to be at a crossroads” mean? “If you find yourself at a similar crossroads in your career and life, take some real time to reflect on yourself.” Use this phrase in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. In your own words, explain the five balls of life. Share your takeaway from this metaphor.
  2. Share your opinion on this, “You will soon understand that work is a rubber ball. If you drop it, it will bounce back.”
  3. Is it really possible to juggle the five balls of life? How do you keep all of them in the air?
  4. How would you answer Dyson’s question, “What is education for? Is it for the pursuit of knowledge or for the pursuit of significance?“? Expand.
  5. Do many of us tend to use education for life or just as a living? Share your point of view.
  6. What is your own personal mantra when it comes to balancing work and life?

Skype Shutdown

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Skype is known for revolutionizing internet-based communication. It was founded in 2003 offering free voice calls between PCs and economical rates for calling landlines and mobile phones.

However, this legendary service is scheduled to be retired on May 5, as Microsoft transitions its focus to the more up-to-date Microsoft Teams Free platform.

Let’s read the article and know more about this iconic application shutting down.

https://www.msn.com/en-us/technology/software/skype-is-shutting-down-after-two-decades/ar-AA1zZV5l?ocid=BingNewsSerp

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “free tier” mean? “Skype will “no longer be available” to use starting in May, the company confirmed on X, telling users that their log-in information can be used on Microsoft Teams’ free tier in the “coming days.”” Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does the phrase “ill-fated” mean? “Microsoft integrated the service into its other products, such as Office and its ill-fated mobile operating service Windows Phone.” Use it in a sentence and give 2 synonyms.
  3. What does “catch on” mean? “Skype launched in 2003 in Estonia and quickly caught on as a way to make free calls worldwide, a notable perk considering international calling on traditional phones used to be expensive.” Use it in your own sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What are your thoughts on Skype shutting down?
  2. Have you had much experience with Skype? What are your thoughts on its strengths and weaknesses?
  3. What video calling apps do you use most often? And why is it your call app of choice?
  4. Can you think of any apps that were once staples in your routine, but have since fallen out of favor? What lead to it becoming less popular than before?
  5. Which of your frequently used apps would you be most upset to lose access to? And why?