Adverbial Phrases of Time, Place, and Frequency

We use adverbial phrases of time, place, and frequency to describe where, when, or how often an action takes place.

Adverbial Phrases of Frequency

  • In describing how often something happens, you need an adverbial phrase of frequency.

every day (daily); every week (weekly); every month (monthly); every year (annually); once a day; twice a year; five times a month; all the time

Form

He hunts rabbits every weekend.

They train every other day.

She takes classes five times a month.

Adverbial Phrases of Time

  • To talk about when something happens, you need an adverbial phrase of time.

today; tomorrow; tonight; yesterday; nowadays; now; first of all; beforehand; soon; afterwards; later; next; then

Forms

  • Adverbial phrases of time usually go either at the beginning or the end of a sentence or clause.

Tomorrow afternoon, I’m going to the free cities.

I’m going to the free cities tomorrow afternoon.

First of all, let’s have ale at an inn.

Let’s have ale at an inn first of all.

I’m going to the flea market and afterwards, I’m going to the citadel.

I’m going to the flea market and I’m going to the citadel afterwards.

  • Use then at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Then, we saw the pier.

She’s going to finish cooking and then she’s going to sew some dresses.

  • Use soon and now at the end of a sentence.

She’s going to quit her job soon.

Arya is calling home now.

Adverbial Phrases of Place

  • To describe where something happens, you need an adverbial phrase of place.

outsideinside; indoors; outdoors; upstairs; downstairs; (over) here; (over) there; abroad; overseas

Forms

  • Adverbial phrases of place usually go after a verb.

They were exiled in another country.

Let’s keep them under this desk.

  • They also go after the object of the sentence.

The maester works in the library upstairs.

Your horse is on the stable over there.

Adverbial Phrases Exercise

Answer this exercise on adverbial phrases.

1. She sees him ______.

a. always

b. once in a while

c. hardly


2. Jake plays football ______.

a. every week

b. all the days

c. Saturdays


3. His family lives ______.

a. in the flat upstairs

b. in the upstairs flat

c. in the above flat


4. Mrs. Jones ______ late for lessons.
a. never is

b. is never
c. always are

5. I hardly ever go shopping _______.

a. soon

b. these days

c. today


6. I _____ my homework on time. 
a. do always

b. always do

c. do never


7. She ______ her mobile phone.

a. almost always leaves

b. always almost leaves

c. leaves always

8. Tim always goes cycling ___ Sundays.

a. every

b. all the

c. on

9. I’m going to visit my family ______.

a. tomorrow tomorrow

b. the day after tomorrow
c. next next day


10. They only go out ______.

a. during occasions

b. on occasions

c. on special occasions

Find the answers to this exercise here.

See also: Adverbial Phrases of frequency, time and place and Inversion with Negative Adverbials.

For additional information on this topic, check out this Cambridge Grammar Lesson.

For other English grammar lessons, go to this page.

Relative Pronouns

 

SubjectObjectPossessive
whowho(m)whose
whichwhichwhose
thatthat
  • who and whom for people
  • which for things.
  • that for people or things

Usage

  • after a noun:

– The chapel that Baelor built.

– The person who discovered the prisoner’s secret .

– An eighth-grader who attempted to skip school.

 

  • to tell more about a person or thing:

– My sister, who studied abroad, has always been insightful.

– Lord Frey, who was 98, has just died.

– We had lemon cakes, which are Sansa’s favorite.

 

  • do not use that as a subject:

 

  • whose as the possessive form of who:

– This is Gregor, whose brother went to war with me.

 

  • whom / who as the object of a verb or preposition:

– This is Robb, whom you met at my daughter’s wedding. / This is Robb, who you met at my daughter’s wedding.

 

  • whom or which after a preposition:

– I had an uncle in Westeros, from who[m] I inherited a castle.

– We brought an axe, with which we cut up all the firewood.

or

  • preposition at the end of the clause:

– I had an uncle in Westeros who[m] I inherited a castle from.

– We brought an axe, which we cut all the firewood up with.

or

  • that at the beginning of the clause:

– I had an uncle in Westeros that I inherited a castle from.

– We brought an axe that we cut all the firewood up with.

Public Napping Space in Madrid

B1 – Intermediate

Siesta is an old Spanish tradition. With the advent of technology and amidst the fast-paced city life, a Spanish company opened a place for taking naps.

This Madrid-based nap bar said on their website, “The siesta is considered one of those small pleasures of life, especially recommended in every way for its clear health benefits”.

Listen to this audio and read the transcript about this interesting public napping space.

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/madrid-becomes-the-latest-city-to-open-public-napping-space/3976843.html

Discussion Questions:

  1. What do you think about Siesta & Go’s nap bar?
  2. Would you be interested in visiting a nap bar? Why? Why not?
  3. Are you able to sleep anywhere? Why? Why not?
  4. Do you think that naps are beneficial for one’s health? Why? Why not?
  5. Are there napping spaces in your town or city? If so, please describe how they work. If not, do you think there should be one? Why? Why not?

Present Simple

Usage:

  • for statements that are true all the time

I come from Spain.

Maria lives in Madrid.

They have two dogs.

Forms:

  • positive

I/You drink coffee at breakfast.

He/She/It drinks coffee at breakfast.

We/They drink coffee at breakfast.

  • Negative

I/You don’t drink coffee at breakfast.

He/She/It doesn’t drink coffee at breakfast.

We/They don’t drink coffee at breakfast.

  • Questions

Do I/you drink coffee at breakfast?

Does he/she/it drink coffee at breakfast?

Do we/they drink coffee at breakfast?

  • Short Answers

Yes, I/you do drink coffee at breakfast.

Yes, he/she/it does drink coffee at breakfast.

Yes, we/they do drink coffee at breakfast.

No, I/you don’t drink coffee at breakfast.

No, he/she/it doesn’t drink coffee at breakfast.

No, we/they don’t drink coffee at breakfast.

Spelling Rules: 3rd Person Singular Pronouns

  • verb ending in a consonant + y → i + es

marry → He marries Lucy today.

  • verbs ending in tch, ss, x, sh or z → + es.

pitch → He pitches his tent far from the river.

discuss → The teacher discusses climate change to 4th graders.

mix → The gardener mixes the soil with fertilizer.

blush → She blushes when complimented.

  • irregular verbs

I am → he/she/it is

I don’t → he/she/it doesn’t

I haven’t  →  he/she/it hasn’t

Intensifiers So Such Too Enough

Intensifiers are modifiers that function to give force or emphasize emotional context to the word used with them. Some of the most common intensifiers are:

so, such, too, enough

Intensifier So

  • The intensifier so functions like “very”.

This car is so old.

I am so scared.

They are so sweet.

Forms of Intensifier So

  • Use so before an adjective or an adverb.

Madrid is so crowded!

He finished the exam so quickly!

It’s so amazing.

  • Place the intensifier so before nouns and verbs.

That is so Spanish of you.

It is so Catholic of them to believe this.

  • Lastly, it can also be used with a that-clause.

He was so impatient that he left without me.

They were so in a hurry that they didn’t say goodbye.

It was so touching that I cried.

Intensifier Such

  • Like so, the intensifier such also means very. Use it before an adjective and noun.

They are such good people.

You have been such a sport.

She is such a sweetheart.

Forms of Intensifier Such

  • Use a / an after such, not before it.

It was such a lovely afternoon.

They are such a generous couple.

She is in such a hurry.

  • Such is also used with a that-clause.

It was such a warm night that we decided to sleep outside the house.

The project was such a failure that it was discontinued.

He spoke with such conviction that everyone believed him.

Intensifier Too

  • Use the intensifier too to show a negative opinion or mean ‘a lot of something’.

It’s too windy outside.

I am too scared.

The restaurant is too full of people.

Forms of Intensifier Too

  • Put the intensifier too before an adjective that expresses a negative meaning.

My vacation is too short.

This place is too noisy.

Kevin’s bag is too heavy.

  • It is also found before an adverb.

The teacher speaks too fast.

My friend reacted to the news too loudly.

She is walking too slowly.

  • The intensifier too is also placed before a noun.

I had too much alcohol.

She ate too many cookies.

You ask too many questions.

  • Finally, put too after a verb.

I eat too much.

He arrived too early.

She talks too fast.

Intensifier Enough

  • Use the intensifier enough if you mean ‘having what is needed‘.

We have enough supplies to last winter.

We don’t have enough men to patrol the place.

Forms of Intensifier Enough

  • The intensifier enough is placed before a noun.

We have enough food for the party.

Mark had enough money.

Did you get enough sleep?

  • Place enough after an adjective or verb.

Are the children comfortable enough?  

It is never good enough.

Is she practicing enough?

  • Follow the intensifier enough with a to-infinitive.

Robin is not good enough to win the contest.

We haven’t got enough to accuse him of this crime.

Intensifiers So Such Too Enough Exercise

Answer this exercise on Intensifiers So Such Too Enough.

1. She brought far ___ clothes.

a. too much

b. so many

c. too many

2. Carrie is ____ pretty. She’s the cutest baby.

a. too

b. very

c. such

3. Don’t wear those shoes. They’re ____ dirty.

a. too

b. very

c. enough

4. Do we have _____?

a. money enough

b. enough money

c. too money

5. It’s ______ cold! I love the winter!

a. too

b. so

c. enough

6. Everyone in their group ______.

a. drinks too much

b.  too much drinks

c. enough drinks

7. She’s _____. Everyone loves her.

a. so charming

b. charming enough

c. too charming

8. Peter is ______ to go on a rollercoaster. 

a. enough tall

b. tall enough

c. too tall

9. The soup was _____ hot that I couldn’t eat it right away.

a. so 

b. such

c. enough

10. Allan doesn’t get ______.

a. sleep enough

b. enough sleep

c. too sleep

Find the answers to this exercise here.

See also: Adjectives and Adverbs and Mitigators

For additional information on this topic, check out this BBC Learning English Lesson.

For other English grammar lessons, go to this page.

Test 220

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Faces and Impressions

blog82-150x150.jpg

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Image is everything. We often make a quick judgement about someone based on their appearance or facial expression after meeting them even for only a matter of seconds. In most cases, we likely never change our opinions about that person.

Some impressions we make are trustworthiness, dominance, and attractiveness. Making a good first impression is incredibly important because you only get one shot at it.

Let’s listen to the podcast:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-170629

Discussion questions:

1. What are the best ways to make a good first impression?

2. Have you met someone whom you didn’t like so much right away even though you didn’t know him very well yet?

3. In what jobs do people have to make very quick decisions based on first impressions?

Alternative Ways to Say Good

B1 – Intermediate

It’s no wonder that the English language is so full of words that we can use to say that we may seldom repeat a word to express how we feel. Here are 10 great alternatives that you can replace the word “good” to improve your English vocabulary that are fine to use in formal settings, such as the workplace, or among people or more informal settings, or when you’re trying to be friendly and express more emotion of affection.

Let’s look into learning new vocabulary words in the article below:

Are you tired of always saying “good”?

Looking forward to using more vivid and creative ways to describe people, places and experiences that you enjoy?

After reading the descriptions and examples we have below, you’ll be able to move beyond just describing everything as “good.”

  • Acceptable

When something is described as “acceptable,” it means that it meets the minimum requirements or standards. It means that something is “ok” rather than necessarily “good.”

It’s a word commonly used when you want to show approval without being overly critical or negative about something. While it may not be amazing, it is considered enough for the given purpose or situation.

For instance, you could say, “Although the presentation was acceptable, it could have been more engaging with better PowerPoint slides.”

  • Awesome

Technically, “awesome” describes something that inspires awe or wonder. Typically, however, “awesome” is used to describe people, experiences or places that are very good or impressive.

For example, you could say “I love your new watch. It looks awesome.”  It’s an adjective that is particularly popular with younger people, and it’s not an expression that you would want to use in a formal or business situation.

  • Cool

In addition to being used to describe temperature, “cool” also means very good or fashionable. For example, you might describe stylish clothes as “cool” or a performance by a musician that you really enjoy.

It can also be used to express acceptance when someone makes a suggestion. For example, if someone suggests meeting to go to a movie, you could say “Cool! I’ll see you at 6 p.m.”

Like “awesome,” “cool” is a popular expression for younger people, and you shouldn’t use it in more formal conversations.

  • Exceptional

“Exceptional” means that someone or something is well above average. This adjective has a slightly more formal tone, and it’s a good word to use when you want to sound a little more sophisticated.

For example, you could say “I think Italy is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. The scenery is exceptional.”

  • Excellent

“Excellent” is used to describe something very good or of high quality. Almost anything you can describe as “good,” you can also describe as excellent.

It can be used when speaking to friends, family, or coworkers when you want to emphasize that something is not just “ok” or “good,” but “very good.”

If someone asks, “How are you?”  you can respond with “Excellent.”  Or you could say “Have you been to the new restaurant downtown? The food there is excellent.”

  • Fantastic

The word “fantastic” is used to describe something very good or exciting. It can be used in both formal and informal situations. It’s a very enthusiastic, positive word, so you should say it with some emphasis or exclamation.

For example, if someone asks you about your trip to Thailand, you could say “It was fantastic!”

  • Favorable

“Favorable” is used to when talking about a positive outcome. It’s often used to describe conditions, circumstances or opinions that are good or beneficial for a situation or person.

The word is a little bit more formal and probably wouldn’t be used in everyday conversation.

For example, you can say, “The weather forecast looks favorable for the conference next week.”

  • Great

“Great” is a versatile word that expresses a high level of approval or admiration. It’s a word that you’ll hear in both casual and formal situations.

It can be used to describe things, experiences or people. When something is labeled as “great,” it generally brings out positive feelings and enthusiasm.

For instance, you could say, “I had a great time at the concert last night!”  or “Stephen is such a great person.”

  • Marvelous

“Marvelous” is an expressive word that conveys a sense of wonder and being amazed at something. When something is “marvelous,” it goes beyond being just good. It can be a little old-fashioned and is not used as often as the other words in this list.

For example, you might say, “The chef prepared a marvelous three-course meal that delighted all the guests.”

  • Outstanding

“Outstanding” describes something that “stands out” or is noticeably better than the alternatives. An “outstanding” book is better than all the other books you’ve read recently, or an “outstanding” hotel is one of the nicest hotels you’ve ever stayed in. This adjective is appropriate to use in casual or formal conversations.

Note that “outstanding” can also mean “unpaid” depending on the situation. So if you have an “outstanding” bill, it means that you have a bill that needs to be paid, not a “very good” bill.

How do you know which meaning is being used? Context is super important for this. That’s why when you’re learning new words, you should try to learn them in sentences. You can also use language learning programs to see words in different scenarios.

  • Perfect

Perfect describes something that is flawless or exactly matching the need in a particular situation.

If you have a very good day and everything happens exactly as you want it to, you could say, “It was a perfect day.”  A hotel could be “perfect for families” or an actor in a movie could be “perfect for the role.”

If someone suggests an idea that you like, you can say “That’s perfect”  or “That sounds perfect.”

  • Positive

“Positive” describes something that is optimistic, favorable or beneficial. In personal interactions, a “positive” attitude reflects an open-minded approach, willingness to support others, and a hopeful outlook even in challenging circumstances.

For example, an employer could say, “Her positive attitude and hard work led to a successful outcome in the project.”

  • Satisfactory

When something is “satisfactory,” it means that it meets the required expectations or standards. While it may not be exceptional, it is enough to fulfill the intended purpose or achieve the desired results.

It’s also a synonym of “acceptable” and would be used more in formal situations, like at work.

For example, you might say, “The service at by the catering company was satisfactory, but it could have been more attentive.”

  • Superb

“Superb” is a word used to describe something of exceptional quality, excellence or brilliance. It shows a level of superiority and admiration, going beyond the usual level of goodness.

For instance, you could say, “The ballet performance was superb,  leaving the audience in awe of the dancers’ skills.”

  • Pleasant

“Pleasant” describes something that is enjoyable or likable. It can be used to describe people, places, or experiences.

“Pleasant” is a little less strong than words like “outstanding,” “terrific” or “fantastic” and it can be a good word to use if something was nice, yet not the absolute best thing imaginable.

For example, you could say “We had a nice time at dinner. It was a very pleasant evening.”

  • Terrific

“Terrific” means very good or great. It’s another very enthusiastic adjective, so only use it if you’re describing something you really like a lot.

You could describe someone’s idea or performance as “terrific,” such as “I’m very happy with the results. She did a terrific job on this project.”

Keep in mind that “terrific” can also be used to describe something very bad depending on the noun it’s paired with. For example, you could also talk about a “terrific storm”  or a “terrific explosion.”

  • Valuable

“Valuable” means that something is very important to someone who owns it or wants it.

It can refer to both things that you can touch or not. Something can be valuable because it’s expensive or it because it has special meaning, connected to memories or emotions.

For example, you might say, “The antique vase she inherited from her grandmother is not only beautiful but also very valuable.”

  • Wonderful

“Wonderful” means great or very good. People can be wonderful, experiences can be wonderful and things can be wonderful. You can use this word in both formal and casual settings.

For example, you could say “The paintings at the art exhibition last night were wonderful,”  or “I think you’ll like her. She’s a wonderful person.”

Say goodbye to “good!” Now you have some awesome, terrific, wonderful synonyms to improve your English vocabulary way beyond the basics.

Discussion Questions:

1. What other words and phrases have you read or heard English speakers use when they say good?

2. Do you have any favorite alternative to saying good ? And Why?

3. How do you express yourself when you feel good about something?

 

Spanish Habits That Are Hard to Master

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Whether you are planning to spend a few days or stay in Spain for good, it pays to know how Spanish live in their unique culture and identity.

They have some habits that a non-native Spanish would find it to be a little hard to pick up and master.

 

Let’s read the article and start a discussion about it. Click the link below:

https://www.thelocal.es/20170719/seven-spanish-habits-youll-never-quite-master

Discussion Questions:

1. Does the article define a true Spaniard?

2. Which among the habits mentioned do you also have?

3. What unique habits do you observe from other countries?

Test 216

Please go to Test 216 to view this test