Mixed Conditional

A conditional consists of two clauses: first, is the condition or the if-clause and the main or result clause.

Mixed conditional combine elements from different types (e.g., a past condition with a present result). It is also where the tense in the main clause is different from the tense in the conditional-clause (also called if-clause).

Usage:

1. Past to Present
If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn’t have a headache now.

2. Past to Future
If I had known that you are going to come by tomorrow, I would be in then.

3. Present to Past
If she had enough money, she could have done this trip to Hawaii.

4. Present to Future
If I were you, I would be spending my vacation in Seattle.

5. Future to Past
If I weren’t flying to Detroit, I would have planned a trip to Vancouver.

6. Future to Present
If I were taking this exam next week, I would be high-strung.

Will May Might Modals

This lesson focuses on modals will, may, might. To form, simply combine the modal and present participle.

May and Might

The modals may and might are used when expressing what might occur in the future. Both can be used to express actions in the future or the present.

Present

I might have some flour in the pantry.

Future

They may leave tomorrow.

May and might function as modals such as can, will and should. Therefore, the same rules apply.

  • No need to add ‘s’ to the third person singular.

Correct: He may attend.

Incorrect: He mays attend.

Correct: She might cry.

Incorrect: She mights cry.

  • The negative form is: may / might + not.

He may not attend the meeting.

She might not buy the book.

  • The question form is: may / might + subject. However, using might in forming questions is not very common.

Might she be hungry?

  • To make requests, May can be used with ‘I’ or ‘we’. However, it is more common to use can and could.

May I have some water?

May we eat the sandwiches?

  • The modals may and might are always followed by the infinitive form of the verbs.

Correct: I might sing.

Incorrect: I might to sing.

Correct: She might stay.

Incorrect: She might staying.

Will + Probability Adverbs

You can combine will and won’t and some adverbs to express the probability of a future event happening.

I’ll possibly cook something for dinner.

You’ll probably cook something for dinner.

She’ll definitely cook something for dinner

He’ll certainly cook something for dinner.

  • Remember that Will / ‘ll comes before the adverb and won’t comes after.

I’ll probably watch a movie later.

I probably won’t watch a movie later.

Will May Might Modals Exercise

Answer this exercise on will, may, might modals.

1. ______ I go to your house tonight?

a. Might

b. May

2. _____ some cookies later.

a. I’ll probably bake

b. I’ll bake probably

3. They ______ to their friends’ advice.

a. probably won’t listen

b. won’t listen probably

4. I don’t know where your socks are. They _____ in the drawer.

a. might be

b. may be

5. She ______ her baby.

a. will certainly look after

b. certainly won’t look after

6. _____ I have your attention, please?

a. May

b. Might

7. I ______ the meeting on Thursday.

a. may attend

b. might attend

8. You _____ without me. It’s okay.

a. may start

b. will possibly start

9. Students ______ for free.

a. might study

b. may study

10. The team _____ overtime today.

a. will probably work

b. may work

Find the answers to this exercise here.

See also: Modals of Deduction and Speculation and Modals Continuous: Past and Present

For additional information on this topic, check out this British Council lesson.

For other English grammar lessons, go to this page.

Extreme Employees

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In some countries, they are trying to maintain their workers’ work-life balance by experimenting on different work styles. However, there remains a lot of people who has no choice but to work very long hours.

Find out more about “extreme employees” through this article:

Although some countries like France and Australia have begun to experiment with additional vacation time to balance work and personal happiness, the worldwide trend has progressed in the opposite direction. For example, Japan has long been known for its excruciating workweeks. Employees in other countries are falling victim to longer and longer hours at the office in recent years, too. The result is a new type of employee, called the “extreme employee.”

From a pool of more than two million surveys of high-salaried employees in the US, it’s clear that you need to work more if you want to advance up the corporate ladder. The extreme employee demonstrates more than simple dedication to the company, though. He believes in the proposition that there’s always more he could–and should!–do. If you count the time it takes to commute to the office, then 70-hour workweeks are common. He makes himself available to clients and office emergencies 24-7 as well. He also takes far fewer vacation days than he’s allotted, roughly ten days or less per year.

Worse, however, and perhaps more exasperating, is the fact that most extreme employees admit dissatisfaction. More than half believe they would be physically healthier with less work. A lack of free time also harms the relationship with their children. Slightly less than half complained that the long hours had a detrimental effect on spousal relations.

Experts advocate discovering ways to get the seventy-hour workweek down to a more modest forty-five hours. Although corporations haven’t yet accomplished this feat for high-impact jobs, some major corporations are trying. American Express, Johnson & Johnson, and more than thirty others are working towards ways to reduce the pressure on managers to perform and produce.

Source: headsupenglish.com

Discussion Questions:
1. What are the effects of being an extreme employee?
2. What do you think are reasons some people work too much?
3. Should companies strive to have extreme employees or well-balanced ones?
4. Talk about your experience of a toxic work day or workweek.
5. Do you think workers in your country should be given more vacation days?

Emojis in Work Emails

B1 – Intermediate

There are do’s and don’ts of writing work emails. Should employees refrain from including smiley face emojis in their emails?

Read more about the use of emojis in work emails.

http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1708/170816-smiley-face-emojis-5.html

Discussion Questions:

  1. What is your opinion about putting emojis/smileys in work emails?
  2. What email writing rules do you know of?
  3. What’s the importance of knowing proper emailing etiquette?
  4. If you could set the rules, should emojis be used as part of professional emails? Why or why not?

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Are Friends Better Than Family?

B1 – Intermediate

For most people, friends are just as important to them as their families while others can easily choose one over the other.

A study shows that one between these two types of relationships is a better predictor of health and happiness, so which one do you think is it?

Let’s find out:

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/health-lifestyle-friends-or-family/3952739.html

Discussion Questions:

  1. What do you think of the study?
  2. Do you feel that, “Blood is thicker than water.”? Or do you feel that friends are more important? Or do you think both are equally valuable? Explain.
  3. How do members of a family support each other? / How do friends support each other?
  4. Do you prefer to have many friends or just a few close ones? Explain your choice.
  5. What are the benefits of having just a few close friends? How about the benefits of having many friends? Are there disadvantages for both too?
  6. How close are you to your family? How about your extended family? (cousins, aunts, great uncles etc.) Why is this the case?

How to Become More Disciplined?

B2 – Upper Intermediate

We all have bad habits that we want to get rid of. Have you ever tried changing your behavior and end up going back to it again after few days or months? Then, perhaps you are not doing it right.

There are certain tricks we can employ in order to be more disciplined. Willpower is the key in this case.

Let’s watch this video and learn from the life story of Lucas. Prepare to discuss your thoughts after watching.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How did Lucas become more self-disciplined?
  2. What kind of behaviors do you want to change and be more disciplined in?
  3. Would you consider yourself disciplined. How did you become so?
  4. Are you consistent with your good habits? If no, why? If yes, then how do you remain consistent?
  5. How can one resist temptations so we may be able to stick to our habits?