Tag: B2 – Upper intermediate

Quiet Cutting

B2 – Upper Intermediate

When companies cut costs, layoffs often come to mind. But a new trend called “quiet cutting” is changing the game — employees aren’t losing their jobs, but they are being reassigned to different roles they didn’t sign up for. This subtle shift is becoming more common, especially in the tech industry, leaving many workers uncertain about their futures.

Read this article to learn more about quiet cutting.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/is-your-job-quiet-cutting-you-heres-what-you-need-to-watch-out-for-goog_l_683886b5e4b06202aa916fe1

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. Define “ebb and flow“. “…these kind of reassignments can happen for roles that have transferable skills like recruiters, sales or support that also have natural ebbs and flows in their work streams.” Make a sentence with this phrase. Give a synonym or similar expression.
  2. What does “put out feelers” mean? “I would probably start exploring options and putting out feelers just in case.” Use this in a sentence. Give a synonym or similar expression.
  3. What is the meaning of “retaliatory“? “But employees still have rights, especially if you believe the reassignment is retaliatory.” Make a sentence and give two synonyms of this word.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How is “quiet cutting” different from a traditional layoff, and why might companies prefer it?
  2. Do you think “quiet cutting” is a form of job security or a disguised punishment? Explain your insights.
  3. If you were reassigned to a role you didn’t want, how would you respond?
  4. What factors would influence your decision to stay or leave if you were to be reassigned?
  5. Can quiet cutting be an opportunity for growth, or is it more likely to cause frustration and disengagement? Why?
  6. What’s your opinion on this, “I would probably view this as a sign of potential trouble while also appreciating the opportunity to remain employed.”?

The Pygmalion Effect

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Have you noticed that students with higher expectations placed upon them tend to rise higher in the school ranks? You’d think, those we expect to succeed must be smarter, more talented, and more skilled than the rest, right? But what if those people were just as average as everyone else? Would they still rise in the ranks?

The Pygmalion effect is a psychological phenomenon whereby higher expectations lead to higher performance.

To find out more about the power of expectations, watch the video below.

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “reinforce”. “The beliefs about themselves cause the other’s actions towards us which again reinforce our beliefs in that person.” Use this term in a sentence. Give a synonym.
  2. What does “in return” mean? ” “Chris feels you appreciate him and he appreciates you in return.” Use this phrase in a sentence and give a synonym.
  3. What does “made-up” mean? “At the beginning of the school year, a group of elementary school teachers were told that some of their new pupils had extraordinary talent and potential. This information was completely made-up, was given about random average students in each class.” Use this expression to make your own sentence and give a synonym.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Do you think the Pygmalion effect is a positive or negative phenomenon? Share your thoughts.
  2. How do expectations shape our experiences and how can we manage them more effectively?
  3. How do you communicate your expectations to others in your workplace? How about to the people in your life?
  4. Talk about a time when your expectations were met.
  5. How about a situation when someone did not meet your expectations? How did you deal with it?

Dry Begging

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Not all requests in relationships sound like “Can you help me with this?” Sometimes, they slip out as offhand comments, exaggerated sighs, or quiet complaints. This subtle, often unconscious way of asking for support is known as dry begging — and many of us do it without even realizing.

Read on to understand what dry begging really is.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-is-dry-begging_l_6840a185e4b02322acee0907

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “to hint at something” means? “If you feel lonely, consider how to ask your partner to spend more time with you instead of hinting at it.” Use this in a sentence. Give a synonym.
  2. What does “meant for the long haul” mean? “While it can feel easier than directly asking for what you want, dry begging really isn’t meant for the long haul.” Make a sentence with this idiom. Give a synonym.
  3. What’s the meaning of “the benefit of the doubt”? “It’s not always manipulative — it certainly can be — but I like to give people the benefit of the doubt.” Use this in a sentence. Give a synonym.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Why do you think people rely on indirect communication like dry begging, even when it often leads to misunderstandings?
  2. What are the risks and benefits of expressing needs indirectly versus directly? Can indirect communication ever be effective?
  3. How would you handle it if you noticed a friend or partner was dry begging for your attention or help?
  4. What’s your opinion on this statement: “You can’t fix a behavior if you don’t know it exists.”?

Infant to Receive Personalized Gene Therapy Treatment

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have made a significant breakthrough by successfully treating an infant suffering from a rare genetic disorder that was once deemed untreatable, using a customized gene therapy. This cutting-edge treatment specifically addresses the faulty gene responsible for the illness, providing new hope where conventional therapies have not succeeded. The procedure involves using an engineered virus to deliver healthy copies of the gene directly into the patient’s cells. Prior to testing in humans, thorough laboratory and animal studies confirmed the treatment’s safety and potential benefits. This achievement represents a major advancement in the fight against rare genetic diseases through personalized medical interventions. Additionally, it highlights the crucial role that rare disease databases play in facilitating the development of individualized therapies.

Read the article to know more about personalize gene therapy treatment.

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/infant-rare-incurable-disease-first-successfully-receive-personalized-gene-therapy-treatment

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “monogenic disease” mean? “This therapy targets the underlying cause of the infant’s monogenic disease, which is traditionally considered incurable.” Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does “viral vector” mean? “If the treatment uses a viral vector to introduce corrected genetic material into the patient’s cells.” Use it in a sentence.
  3. What does “immunogenicity” mean? “Researchers carefully monitored the patient for any signs of immunogenicity, which could affect treatment success.” Use it in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How might gene therapy change the future of medicine?
  2. Do you think gene therapy could eventually eliminate some genetic diseases entirely? Why or why not?
  3. Would you consider gene therapy if it was available to treat a genetic condition you or someone you know had? Why or why not?
  4. How might personalized medicine affect healthcare costs and accessibility?
  5. What ethical concerns could arise from personalized genetic treatments?

Breadcrumbing at Work

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In today’s fast-paced professional world, breadcrumbing isn’t just a strategy—it’s often used as a way to cope or stay afloat. Whether we mean to or not, most of us have played a part in breadcrumbing—whether as a boss, a colleague, or a job candidate. It’s become a common part of workplace behavior, often without us even noticing.
So what is breadcrumbing, really—and is it possible you’re engaging in it without knowing?

Read the article about breadcrumbing at work.

Breadcrumbing at work – why everyone is doing it (yes, even you)!

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “to follow through on one’s own words” mean? “The same applies to breadcrumbing at work, where a company, employee, or job seeker will give just enough time, attention, or talk to suggest they are totally interested and committed but they never actually follow through on their words.” Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.
  2. What does “buzzword” mean? “So, is breadcrumbing even a thing or just a buzzword doing the rounds?” Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.
  3. What does “to keep someone/something warm” mean? “For example, as a recruiter there are many occasions where clients ask me to ‘keep a candidate warm’ after an interview because they cannot make an immediate decision.” Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How is breadcrumbing different from normal delays or bureaucracy at work?
  2. Do you think breadcrumbing is more common in certain industries or roles?
  3. Have you ever experienced breadcrumbing at work or during a job search?
  4. Do you think breadcrumbing is a form of workplace manipulation? Why or why not?

America First Could End the Age of Arbitrage

B2 – Upper Intermediate

President Donald Trump’s renewed “America First” agenda in 2025 is disrupting decades of globalization by targeting international tax and regulatory strategies. Proposals include imposing a 25% tariff on Apple if it doesn’t manufacture iPhones domestically and a 50% levy on imported steel and aluminum. These measures aim to dismantle complex international systems of tax, regulatory, and financial arbitrage that U.S. multinationals have long utilized to reduce domestic tax liabilities. For instance, pharmaceutical companies often report minimal profits in the U.S. while declaring substantial gains abroad, and insurers shift liabilities to jurisdictions like Bermuda for lighter regulations.

Read the article to know more about the proposed provision to tax foreign investors in U.S. assets could further affect global capital flows, potentially destabilizing international finance. While these policies seek to reinforce domestic equity, they risk undermining the foundational pillars of the global economic and financial system.

https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/why-america-first-could-end-age-arbitrage-2025-06-06/?

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “ceding reserve” mean? ” The industrial-scale transfer of life insurance policies by U.S. insurers to offshore jurisdictions – a process known as “ceding reserves” – provides a timely example.” Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does “golden goose” mean? “They can also short tax havens and lightly regulated jurisdictions in the anticipation that the golden geese will be flying home.” Use it in a sentence.
  3. What does “shadow bank” mean? “This is the edifice of international finance underpinned by the U.S. dollar. In a recent lecture, Hyun Song Shin of the Bank for International Settlements explained how, before 2008, liquidity in international markets was supplied by so-called shadow banks issuing private credit instruments.” Use it in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Do you think prioritizing domestic production through tariffs is beneficial for a country’s economy in the long run or does it do more harm than good?
  2. How do you feel about taxing foreign investors in U.S. assets? Could that strengthen or weaken the U.S. economy?
  3. If you were running a global company, how would you respond to policies that limit tax and regulatory advantages abroad?
  4. Do you think the rest of the world will follow suit with their own “first” policies, or will they push back against this kind of economic nationalism?
  5. Is it fair for multinational corporations to shift profits and liabilities to lower-tax countries, or should they be taxed more strictly where they operate?

Trump-Musk Feud Slams Stocks

B2 – Upper Intermediate

On June 5, 2025, global financial markets reacted sharply to a public dispute between U.S. President Donald Trump and Tesla CEO Elon Musk. Trump’s threat to cut off government contracts with Musk-owned companies led to a 14% drop in Tesla’s shares, dragging down Wall Street indices. This incident overshadowed positive developments, such as a phone call between Trump and Chinese Premier Xi Jinping aimed at easing trade tensions.

Read the article to know why despite some recovery in stock prices since April, investor sentiment remains fragile amid ongoing economic and geopolitical uncertainties.

https://www.investopedia.com/tesla-stock-sinks-as-trump-musk-relationship-falls-apart-in-public-spat-11748777

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “to get one’s teeth into something” mean? “There was plenty of meaty news for investors to get their teeth into on Thursday – U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese Premier Xi Jinping’s long-awaited phone call, a rate cut and guidance from the European Central Bank, and more soft U.S. labor market data. “ Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.
  2. What does “headwind” mean? “The headwinds haven’t gone away, but the ‘hopium’ rally could still have room to run. More on that below, but first, a roundup of the main market moves.” Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.
  3. What does “thin gruel” mean? “The more optimistic take, which investors initially adopted, is that the talks were constructive and cordial, evidenced by the tone of Trump’s social media post and the fact that the two invited each other to visit. But that’s pretty thin gruel, and it wasn’t enough to support Wall Street’s initial gains.” Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Do you think political figures should be more cautious when publicly criticizing business leaders, considering how it affects the stock market?
  2. How much influence do you believe Elon Musk has over investor confidence compared to political leaders like Trump?
  3. If you were an investor, would a public feud like this make you sell, hold, or buy more shares of a company like Tesla? Why?
  4. Do you think the market overreacts to high-profile drama, or is it justified given the financial risks involved?
  5. How should companies like Tesla respond when political leaders threaten their government contracts publicly?

Revenge Saving

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In a shift from the post-pandemic “revenge spending,” Americans are now prioritizing savings, a trend termed “revenge saving.” The U.S. personal savings rate rose to 4.9% in April 2025, up from 4.1% in January. This change is driven by economic uncertainties, including volatile tariff policies and inflation concerns. High-income households are cutting back on nonessential spending, focusing instead on building emergency funds.

Read the article to know why experts recommend automating savings and creating specific fund categories to enhance financial planning.

https://www.investopedia.com/many-people-are-revenge-saving-should-you-11749777

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “to feel the pinch” mean? “Even households earning more than $200,000 annually are feeling the pinch, reducing non-essential purchases and travel budgets from 2024.” Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.
  2. Explain the meaning of “backing” in this sentence, “A May 2025 Santander survey found that only 35% of American adults understood that high-yield savings accounts are less risky than investment accounts, which don’t come with Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation backing.” Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.
  3. What does “to put money away” mean? “Higher yields for savings accounts could be drawing Americans to put more money away, but seven in 10 told Santander they didn’t know about them.” Use it in a sentence. Give a synonym.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Have you ever shifted your habits from spending to saving due to uncertainty like during the pandemic or inflation spikes?
  2. What do you think motivates people more to save: fear of the future or a specific financial goal?
  3. Do you believe “revenge saving” is sustainable long-term, or is it just another temporary financial trend?
  4. What are your thoughts on employer-sponsored emergency savings accounts?
  5. In your opinion, is automating savings a smart strategy, or do people need more flexibility with their finances right now?
  6. How do you personally balance treating yourself vs. preparing for economic uncertainty in your financial routine?
  7. Share your thoughts on this, “Even high earners are cutting back on travel and non-essential purchases to boost their cash reserves—a clear sign that economic anxiety has replaced post-pandemic FOMO as the driving force behind financial decisions.“

Solving the World’s Plastic Problem

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, affecting oceans, wildlife, and human health.

With global plastic production continuing to rise, finding effective solutions has become urgent. This topic explores practical strategies—from reducing single-use plastics to advancing recycling technologies—that can help tackle the world’s plastic problem and build a more sustainable future.

Watch the video and be able to answer the questions below.


Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What is the meaning of “outweigh“? “In fact, the amount of plastic on our planet outweighs all the land and sea creatures currently alive.” Use the word in a sentence and give a synonym.
  2. What does the idiom “to grow at scale” mean? “Plastic became very popular with the military during the Second World War, but it only grew at scale commercially in the 1960s.” Make one sentence using the phrase. Give a similar expression.
  3. What is “circular approach“? “One way to address these problems is to take a circular approach to plastic, designing it to stay in use for as long as possible..” Use the term in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Do you believe banning single-use plastics is an effective solution to the plastic problem? Why or why not?
  2. Should governments and individuals be more responsible for reducing plastic waste? Share your insight.
  3. What are the biggest challenges in reducing global plastic consumption, and how can they be overcome?
  4. How can businesses and industries be encouraged to use less plastic in packaging and production?
  5. What role should education and public awareness play in solving the world’s plastic problem?

Dubai Chocolate Won Over American Businesses

B2 – Upper Intermediate

The Dubai Chocolate craze began as a local treat from Fix Dessert Chocolatier in 2022 and quickly gained international fame, thanks to its rich pistachio-filled flavor and viral exposure on TikTok and Instagram.

Its limited availability only fueled demand, turning it into a status symbol. Major brands like Trader Joe’s, Costco, and Crumbl soon launched their own versions, showing how a regional dessert can influence global food trends and retail strategies.

Watch the video and be able to answer the questions below.


Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “homegrown” mean? “We’re a small homegrown brand. We had just enough chocolate just to serve the community.” Use the word in a sentence and give a synonym.
  2. What does “to shoot at the gut“? “We’re kind of shooting at the gut here and hoping that this works.” Use the idiom in a sentence. Give a similar expression.
  3. What is “price point“? “The price point of the Kataifi and shipping that from another country to the US and with it being so nationally recognized and utilized right now, it was hard to source because we have so many stores across the nation.” Make a sentence using the term.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Share your thoughts on the global popularity of this product.
  2. Do you think social media has too much influence over what becomes popular in the food industry? Share your thoughts.
  3. Should major retailers create their own versions of viral products like Dubai Chocolate, or is that unfair to the original creators? What is your opinion?
  4. Would you buy a product just because it went viral online, even if it’s expensive or hard to find? Why or why not?
  5. What factors do you think contributed most to the global success of Dubai Chocolate—its flavor, its origin, or its social media presence?
  6. Talk about a global food trend that has become famous in your country and a local dish from your nation that won over the world.