Tag: B2 – Upper intermediate

The Sunk Cost Fallacy

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Have you ever made a bad decision and felt the need to correct or fix your mistake? Everyone in this world has experienced lapses in judgment from time to time, but the way they cope with their errors varies from person to person.

Unfortunately, not all of these methods are healthy or even beneficial, such as the sunk cost fallacy, where we keep doing something because we have already spent time, money, or effort on it, even when continuing is no longer the best choice. In simple terms: “I’ve already invested so much, so I can’t stop now.”

Watch the video to learn more about the sunk cost fallacy.

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “sunk cost” mean? “I know that there are plenty of other reasons why people stay together, but sunk cost is definitely up there.” Use this term to make your own sentence.
  2. What does “to call it quits” mean? “It’s better to call it quits now and save yourself from future misery.” Give two (2) synonyms or similar expressions and create a sentence using this phrase.
  3. What does “to dig a big hole for one’s self” mean? “If you continue to pour more resources into a failing project, you’re just digging a bigger hole for yourself.” Use this phrase in your own sentence. Give a synonym or similar expression.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Why do people find it difficult to walk away from something they have already invested in?
  2. How can the sunk cost fallacy affect important decisions about relationships, careers, or education?
  3. When should one accept that an investment was a mistake and move on?
  4. Is giving up always a bad thing, or can it sometimes be the smartest choice? Explain.
  5. Have you ever continued doing something because you had already spent money or time on it? What happened?

IQ Is Not the Same as Intelligence

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Intelligence is a complex quality involving different abilities like thinking, problem-solving, emotions, and creativity. IQ tests, which measure some cognitive skills such as reasoning and math, only give a partial picture of how smart someone is. They don’t capture everything about a person’s intelligence because they focus on specific areas and use standard questions and scoring.

Watch the video to know more about it and be able to answer the questions that follow.

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “remedial help” mean? “Alfred Binet was asked by the government to develop a test that could determine whether people needed remedial help with their education.” Use this phrase in a sentence.
  2. What does the word “innate” mean? “American Psychologists decide that I.Q. is innate, that you were born with it, and there’s nothing you can do to change it.” Give one (1) synonym or similar expression and use ‘innate’ in your own sentence.
  3. What does “multifaceted” mean? “Intelligence is a multifaceted thing and multifaceted things can’t really be measured in terms of a single number.” Give one (1) synonym or similar expression and use ‘multifaceted’ in your own sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Do you believe that IQ tests accurately reflect someone’s overall intelligence? Why or why not?
  2. In your opinion, what other factors besides cognitive abilities should be considered when defining intelligence?
  3. How important is it for society to recognize and value different forms of intelligence beyond what is typically measured by IQ tests?
  4. In what ways can emotional intelligence and creativity be important aspects of intelligence that are not fully captured by traditional IQ tests?

The School that Puts the Kids in Charge

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In this unique school in Thailand, teachers take a back seat. Students are given the responsibilities instead. From managing finances to volunteering, children are tasked to do things that adults are supposed to do in regular school environment.

Listen to this audio and read the transcript about this out-of-the-box approach to rural Thai education.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english_2024/ep-240711

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What is the meaning of the idiom “call the shots“? “In this programme we’ll be hearing about the Bamboo School, a unique school where the children call the shots – they have the power to make the decisions.” Give one synonym or similar expression and use ‘call the shots’ in your own sentence.
  2. What does the phrase “real world experience” mean? “My old school wasn’t like this. It was just classes and then home. Here, I get to try so many things, gain real world experience, and work on my leadership skills with my friends.” Give one synonym or similar expression and use ‘real world experience’ in your own sentence.
  3. What does “to do something in return” mean? “Yes, we just heard that kids go to the Bamboo School for free but do something in return.” Give one synonym or similar expression and use ‘to do something in return’ in your own sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What are the young students’ responsibilities in Bamboo School in Thailand?
  2. What do you think of a school where it’s the children who call the shots?
  3. What advantages do this school management system have on its young pupils? What are the disadvantages?
  4. What impact/effects could giving school children this kind/amount of trust have on them?
  5. Aside from this, how can very young students gain real world experiences?
  6. Do you think young kids should do community service? Share your insights.

7-Eleven Reinventing Its Food Business to Be More Japanese

B2 – Upper Intermediate

7-Eleven, a global convenience store giant, is undergoing a significant transformation by reinventing its $17 billion food business to align more closely with its Japanese origins. This strategic shift aims to enhance the brand’s culinary offerings and customer experience by incorporating the successful and distinctive elements of its Japanese operations.

Watch the video to learn more about it and be able to answer the questions that follow.

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “double down” mean? “But now, as cigarette sales continue to decline and many expect gas sales to slow, many are racing to find other sources of revenue and doubling down on food.” Give two (2) synonyms or similar expressions and use ‘double down’ in your own sentence.
  2. What does “major undertaking” mean? “Shifting a business this massive is a major undertaking.” Give two (2) synonyms or similar expressions and use ‘major undertaking’ in your own sentence.
  3. What does the term “wide array” mean? “7-Eleven Japan is known for its wide array of meal options.” Use it in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Share your thoughts on the “tanpin kari” business model.
  2. What specific elements of Japanese 7-Eleven stores could be most successfully integrated into other international markets, and why?
  3. Do you think the introduction of Japanese-inspired food will significantly improve 7-Eleven’s appeal and sales in your local area? Why or why not?
  4. In your opinion, what other international food practices could 7-Eleven adopt to further enhance its food business?
  5. Do you believe that the higher cost of sourcing better ingredients for Japanese-inspired food will be justified by increased customer satisfaction and sales? Why or why not?

South Koreans Flock to Blue-Collar Jobs

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In recent years, South Korea has witnessed a notable shift in employment trends, with a growing number of young people opting for blue-collar jobs.

This trend challenges traditional views that prioritize white-collar careers as the path to success. Factors such as economic instability, high youth unemployment, and the rising cost of higher education are driving this change. Additionally, blue-collar jobs often offer stable employment, decent wages, and opportunities for skill development.

Watch the video to know the reasons behind this emerging trend and its implications for South Korean society and the economy.

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11i421v75o/

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What doe s the phrase “to be in full swing” mean? “More renovations are in full swing at this apartment.” Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does the expression “has seen better days” mean? “Those taking the civil servant exams would normally flock to these food stalls for a cheap bite but with fewer people taking the test, the street has seen better days.” Use it in a sentence.
  3. What does “to pay off” mean? “Even though it is exhausting, the work is paying off as his current income is double his former salary.” Make a sentence using the expression.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What are your thoughts on this work trend?
  2. What economic conditions in South Korea might be contributing to the rise in young people seeking blue-collar jobs? How do these conditions compare your country?
  3. How has the saturation of certain job markets, such as those requiring higher education, affected the trend of young people moving towards blue-collar jobs?
  4. How are technological advancements in blue-collar industries making these jobs more attractive to the younger generation?
  5. How do the work-life balance and job security of blue-collar jobs compare to white-collar jobs in South Korea? How about in your country?
  6. How might these factors influence career choices?

Tidal Kites Harness Ocean Energy

B2 – Upper Intermediate 

The quest for sustainable renewable energy sources continues. The remote Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic had to find an alternative energy source. Marine energy firm Minesto’s “Dragons” utilize the powerful currents from the seas surrounding the whole archipelago to harness energy. 

Watch the video and discover how tidal kites work. 

https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0j6gphs/tidal-kites-new-technology-harnessing-ocean-energy

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “untapped” mean? “Ocean energy is still largely untapped. So what are the barriers that have prevented it from taking off?” Give two (2) synonyms or similar expressions and use this word in your own sentence.
  2. What does “to unlock the potential” mean? “If we can unlock the potential, it can really dramatically change the energy mix in the islands. Give two (2) synonyms or similar expressions and use this idiom in your own sentence.
  3. What does “a leap forward” mean? “Now, this Dragon has begun to fly and it’s sending energy to the grid. It’s just one machine, but potentially a big leap forward for harnessing energy from our seas.” Give two (2) synonyms or similar expressions and use this expression in your own sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Share your insights on “the Dragons”?
  2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of tidal turbines and tidal power?
  3. What are some of the biggest renewable energy sources used in your country? Why might that be?
  4. Do you think tidal energy could be beneficial in your country? Explain.

Boomerang CEOs

B2 – Upper Intermediate 

Several chief executive officers or CEOs of some of the biggest companies have stepped down from their position. In some cases, they come back or get reinstated after a while.

Is this move advantageous for the company that they work for though? Could it really be that ‘second time’s the charm’ for these CEOs?

Watch the video and find out more about the boomerang CEOs.

https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0h9q7kj/boomerang-ceos-do-they-ever-succeed-

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “boomerang CEO” mean? “We looked at over 6,000 CEO succession or turnovers. There are less than 200 of them that were boomerang CEOs.” Use this term in a sentence.
  2. What does “product line” mean? “Steve Jobs innovated. He came out with all these new products and recreated the company with new product lines.” Use this term in a sentence
  3. What does “to bring the magic back” mean? “When Howard Schultz came back that first time, he brought some of that magic back.” Give two (2) synonyms or similar expressions and use this idiom in your own sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What is the general trend among boomerang CEOs when they come back?
  2. What is your opinion about the boomerang CEO trend?
  3. What can boomerang CEOs do in order to ensure success upon their comeback?
  4. Talk about a boomerang CEO from your country. Why did they have to step down before and what are some of the things they did upon returning to their position? Was it a good thing for the company in the end? Elaborate.
  5. Share your thoughts on this, “Founders just have this huge attachment that other people do not to the companies that they started and created. And so there is this protectiveness.”.
  6. Share your insights on the ‘founder CEO’s shelf life’ and that “For most people, there’s going to be a time where it outgrows your skill set in terms of your ability to manage it. Be willing to let go of your ‘baby’ and to step down when the time is right.”

Our Love of Pets

B2 – Upper Intermediate 

To truly know someone, it really all boils down to: Are they a dog or a cat person?

We now live in a world were pets are kept inside the house and treated ever so kindly, almost like a family member, in some cases.

Listen to this audio and read the transcript about why we keep and love our pets.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english_2024/ep-240104

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “disposable income” mean? “First of all, on a very practical level, living standards are gradually increasing across that period, and it becomes more possible to keep pets if you have more disposable income.” Use this term in a sentence.
  2. What does “to fit the bill” mean? “In the Victorian era, dogs were very much the top pet, and you can see that the values that were often associated with dogs, so loyalty, trustfulness and, steadfastness… all of these qualities were also celebrated by the Victorians of key parts of the Victorian manly character, so dogs really fitted the bill.” Use this idiom in a sentence.
  3. What does “the idea someone has of themselves ” mean? “It was also the Victorians who first described Britain as a nation of dog lovers, a phrase they used to reflect the idea they had of themselves.” Use this expression in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. The British are well-known to be animal lovers. Do you think it is the same for the people in your country? Why or why not?
  2. What are the benefits and drawbacks of keeping a pet?
  3. Do you think attitudes to pets were based on economics? Explain.
  4. Share your opinion on this statement, “Your personality is reflected in your pet.”.
  5. What are your thoughts on creating social media accounts for pets/on pets being on socmed?

Everyone Loves the Underdog

B2 – Upper Intermediate 

We have heard of countless stories about how those people or teams who are in situations where they seem least likely to succeed or win actually end up winning in the end.

In sports, there are many stories of teams that were not expected to win, but have done better than predicted.

What is it about being an underdog that helps an individual or a team do better than expected?

Listen to this audio and read the transcript about how being the underdog can actually help one achieve success.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english_2024/ep-240328

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “underdog and top dog” mean? “Of course it’s not just the underdog playing, there are also top dogs, the most successful or powerful person or team.” Use these two terms in different sentences.
  2. What does “to look down one’s nose at (someone)” mean? “But some of these elite Premier League clubs will look down their nose at us and just think we shouldn’t be there, and we are there on merit and we’ve just gotta prove it this season.” Use this expression in a sentence.
  3. What does “choking” mean in this context, “No one expects underdogs to win and this gives them freedom to relax and play naturally. Top dogs, on the other hand, experience a lot of expectation, and this sometimes leads to choking.”? Use this word in this context in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How does being an underdog help a person succeed or a team win?
  2. Do you tend to root for the underdogs too? Why or why not?
  3. Talk about a time you were or someone you know was an underdog.
  4. How can one overcome “choking”? How do you overcome it?
  5. What things cause someone to underperform?

Why Does Japan Work So Hard?

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Japanese workers are known for their strong work ethics and dedication to their jobs, often working long hours and rarely taking vacations. This cultural phenomenon can be attributed to a variety of factors that have shaped the country’s labor practices and attitudes towards work.

Japan’s strong work ethics can be attributed to a combination of cultural values, societal expectations, and economic pressures. While this dedication has led to impressive economic growth and technological advancements, it has also raised concerns about work-life balance and employee well-being.

As Japan continues to navigate through these challenges, it will be important for both individuals and policymakers to find ways to promote healthier attitudes towards work while still maintaining the country’s reputation for diligence and work excellence.

Learn more about why Japanese work so hard by watching the video.

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “to curb the number” mean? “Japan’s government has considered several initiatives to curb the number of hours spent at the office, including making it mandatory to take at least five vacation days a year and requiring a rest period between the end of one day and the start of another.” Use this term in a sentence.
  2. What does the noun “to put in the hours” mean? “In order to maintain its massive size, Japan needs to put in the hours.” Use this term in a sentence.
  3. What does “to fill in the gap” mean? “So without more immigrants, it’s looking to robotics to fill in the gap.” Use this term in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Why does Japan work so hard?
  2. What are Japan’s work culture problems and what are their solutions to these problems?
  3. Share your thoughts on the culture of overworking.
  4. How does the work culture in your country compare to Japan?
  5. Cite some examples of work culture issues in your country.