Test 222

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Button Batteries Kill

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Medical cases involving button batteries have been reported since the 1970s. Who would have thought that these tiny things in your remote control or car keys could be so dangerous?

Read the article to find out more.

https://theconversation.com/button-batteries-kill-heres-how-we-can-prevent-needless-child-deaths-from-battery-ingestion-101187

Discussion Questions:

  1. According to the article, how do button batteries cause damage?
  2. What can parents do to prevent incidents with batteries from happening? How should parents child-proof their homes?
  3. How prevalent are button battery injuries among kids in your country? Why do you think that is?
  4. What other health-related issues are very common among children in your country these days?
  5. Have you or anyone you know had a medical emergency as a kid or involving a child? Please share.

When You Drink Coke Instead of Water

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In a small town in Mexico, water is not so readily available. Its residents therefore, have resorted to drinking the much more plentiful Coca Cola instead.

Check out the article to find out more about the dire consequences this situation has brought about.

http://www.thetimesinplainenglish.com/when-you-drink-coke-instead-of-water/

Discussion Questions:

1. What does the article say about this Mexican town?

2. Who do you think is to blame in these circumstances, and why?

3. Do you like soft drinks or soda? Talk about the effects of drinking too much of these.

Compound Nouns and Adjectives

Compound Nouns

Compound nouns are words that consist of two or more words. Every part of them is part of the meaning of the nouns.

Separated Compound Nouns

  • Compound nouns are more commonly written with two separate words.

real estate – He works in real estate.                   

post office – Did you go to the post office?                  

light year – A light year is a way to measure distance.

water tank – How many water tanks are there?            

full moon  – Look out your window to see the full moon tonight.                

swimming pool – We have a swimming pool in our country house.

Hyphenated Compound Nouns

  • Some compound nouns are hyphenated.

mother-in-law – Do you get on with your mother-in-law?     

master-at-arms  – Who is the master-at-arms of this ship?         

commander-in-chief – He is the commander-in-chief.               

single-mindedness – I can’t stand his single-mindedness.

  • Hyphenated compound nouns typically function as adjectives.

six-pack – Buy a six-pack beer.

free-for-all – They want free-for-all income for the poor.

Separated or Hyphenated?

  • Without a doubt, the easiest way to determine whether you need separated or hyphenated compound nouns is that we use separated compound nouns as nouns while hyphenated compound nouns usually function as adjective in sentences.

Open air vs open-air

We enjoy hanging out in the open air in summer.

The afternoon was so hot my friends and I decided to go to an open-air bar.

Air traffic vs air-traffic

Air traffic was so heavy last night.

The air-traffic control had a hard time managing the situation.

Compound Adjectives

  • Compound adjectives are normally structured in three different ways. Many compound adjectives are hyphenated.

noun + adjective | noun + participle | adjective + participle

Noun + Adjective  

  • These compound adjectives are a combination of a noun and and an adjective.                                 

camera-shy – I am camera-shy.                                         

accident-prone – Be careful. This is an accident-prone area.                    

sugar-free – I prefer sugar-free coffee.                                                    

Noun + Participle   

  • These compound adjectives are a combination of a noun and and a participle.

computer-assisted – They are using computer-assisted instruction.

user-generated – These are user-generated contents.

custom-built – It is a custom-built car.

Adjective + Participle

  • These compound adjectives are a combination of an adjective and and a participle.

brown-haired – My girlfriend is the brown-haired woman.

ill-tempered – Andy is a little ill-tempered.

fair-skinned – Ana is a fair-skinned girl.

  • Compound adjectives formed by combining well + participle or a phrase should be hyphenated when the compound is before the noun.

He created some well-known artworks.

He just checked his up-to-date account.

  • However, do not hyphenate when the compound is after the noun.

His artworks are also well known around the world.

His account is up to date.

  • Compound adjectives that describe ages and lengths of time are also hyphenated.

I have a five-year old daughter.

They found some two-centuries old relics.

The Worst Things about Working at Google

C1 – Advanced

I bet a lot of, if not all, people perceive working at Google as THE dream job. On the contrary, according to some people who have worked in this tech giant, sometimes, it’s not all “rainbows and ponies”.

Click on the link to read more on Googlers’ least favorite things about being employed at Google.

https://www.businessinsider.com/google-employees-worst-things-about-working-at-google-2016-12#its-hard-to-be-honest-with-your-colleagues-2

Discussion Questions:

1. Talk about some complaints Googlers have about working at Google.
2. What are your thoughts on these confessions?
3. What’s the best and worst thing about working in your company?
4. What comes to your mind when you hear “Google”?
5. What are important things you look for in a company you will work for?

Test 217

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It / There

A clause always has a subject.

Her grandmother has just retired. Was an accountant.     =>     She was an accountant.
I’m cooking for my sister. Is sick.      =>       She is sick.
Look at the sky! Is very sunny.     =>     It’s very sunny.

Except Imperative Sentences

Come back tomorrow.
Say that again.

In case there is no other subject, use there or it.

THERE

Use there as an empty subject, followed by the verb be and then a noun phrase.

• use when introducing a new topic

There is a conference this week. It will start on Monday.
There has been a mistake. I hope this gets corrected.

• use with numbers or quantities

There was a lot of people at the museum yesterday.
There must have been more than twenty thousand fans who watched the concert.

• use when talking about location

There used to be a big oak tree on this spot.
There are cookies on the jar.
I hope there will be someone at his house later.

• use with indefinite pronoun or to express quantity and the to-infinitive

There is nothinto see at the exhibit.
There was a lot to do in my previous project.
There was nothing to learn in that class.
There are a lot of things to discuss.

• use “for” to show the subject of the to-infinitive

There is nothing for the team members to discuss in the meeting.
There was plenty for them to play with in the nursery.
There was nothing for him to do at his grandparents’.
There are a lot of questions for you to answer.

• use with an indefinite pronoun or when expressing quantity and an -ing verb

There is someone calling to talk to you.
There were a lot of babies crying and shouting.

If the noun phrase is singular, use a singular verb.

There is an exam today.
There were a lot of people at the stadium.
There is someone calling to talk to you.

If the noun phrase is plural, use a plural verb.

There are more than two dishes to cook.
There were some papers on the table.
There were a lot of guests singing and dancing.

IT

Use it when talking about:

• times and dates

It’s almost six o’clock.
It’s 18th of July.

• weather:

It’s snowing.
It’s a very windy day.
It was getting warm.

• when giving an opinion about a place

It’s very dark in here.
It will be better when we get to our destination.
It’s very warm in his room.

• when giving an opinion followed by to-infinitive:

It’s good to talk to you.
It will be nice to spend the weekend on the beach.
It was interesting to learn about proper driving techniques.

• when giving an opinion followed by an -ing verb:

It’s fun spending time with friends.
It’s horrible driving at night.
It can be hard taking care of a sick baby.

Use it when talking about people.

Use it when talking about ourselves.

• when talking on the phone

Good day. It’s Elizabeth.

• when people cannot see you

[Anne knocks on the door] It’s me. It’s Anne.

Use it to talk about other people:

• when pointing them out for the first time:

Look. It’s Beyonce!
Who is she? I think it’s Adam’s boss.

• when we cannot see them and we ask them for their name:

[when the phone rings and you pick it up]

Hello. Who is it?

[when someone knocks on your door]

Who is it?

Living in the Netherlands’ Futuristic Homes

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Have you ever imagined living inside a house that resembles a golf ball? For many, this would seem like a very strange idea. But in Bolwoningen, a small village outside Amsterdam, this is a reality.

Watch the video to learn more.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Explain the video in your own words. What do you think about Bolwoningen?
  2. Have you ever seen an unusual or unconventional home? Would you like to try to live in one? Why or why not?
  3. Talk about the most bizarre-looking house you’ve ever seen.

Man Escaped Communism by Zip Line

B2 – Upper Intermediate

More than 30 years ago, Daniel Pohl attempted to leave his country and its Communist views. The means by which he tried to escape was highly unconventional and required a lot of daring.

Watch the video to find out more about Pohl’s amazing feat.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Who is Daniel Pohl? Explain what he tried to do.
  2. What is your take on his escape strategy?
  3. Talk about the bravest or most daring thing you have ever done.

Test 212

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