Tag: First Certificate FCE

What Happens to Your Brain After You Turn 50

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Have you ever wondered what happens to your brain after reaching the big 5-0? Well, we have the inside scoop from medical professionals who explain what happens to your mental system once you reach your 50s.

Prepare for an easily understood process as we reveal the science underlying the transformations that the human brain undergoes as you go into the latter part of your life.

Visit the link to learn more about the natural shifts that accompany aging and uncover effective measures to proactively manage them.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-happens-brain-turn-50_l_65b135f6e4b0f55c6e31d156

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “slip one’s mind” mean in the sentence, “No matter our age, most of us are guilty of saying, “I must be getting old,” when we can’t quite find the words to describe something or an important item on our to-do lists slips our minds.”? Give 2 synonyms or similar expressions and use ‘slip one’s mind’ in a sentence.
  2. What does “narrow down” mean in the sentence, “It doesn’t mean you have Alzheimer’s disease or another type of dementia, but a specialist can help to narrow down the cause and any potential treatments or lifestyle changes that may be helpful,” he said.”? Give 2 synonyms or similar expressions and use ‘narrow down’ in a sentence.
  3. What does “down the road” mean in the sentence, “But as both Wint and Bredesen emphasized, lifestyle can make a huge difference in the rate at which your brain health declines, and whether you develop dementia down the road.”? Give 2 synonyms or similar expressions and use ‘down the road’ in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How does the article describe brain shrinkage in your 50s, and what impact does it have on accessing accumulated knowledge?
  2. How would you describe your current level of physical activity, and do you engage in regular, moderate aerobic exercise as suggested by doctors for brain health? Please share.
  3. In terms of social connections, how rich and meaningful is your in-person social network, and how do you believe it contributes to your overall well-being and brain health? Tell me more.
  4. Are there specific lifestyle changes you’ve made or are considering making based on the recommendations from doctors to support your brain health as you age? Please share.
  5. Looking ahead, what long-term strategies do you envision incorporating into your lifestyle to promote brain health throughout the aging process?

McDonald’s Flopped In Vietnam

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In the global landscape of fast-food giants, McDonald’s has managed to establish an iconic presence in numerous countries.

However, its venture into Vietnam, a nation renowned for its rich culinary traditions, presented a unique set of challenges leading to a less-than-successful outcome.

Watch the video to know more about it and be able to answer the questions that follow.

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does the idiom “to get one’s hands on” mean? “The launch drew crowds of locals who waited hours to get their hands on a Big Mac.” Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does “rock-bottom “mean? “For the Vietnamese, we have our banh mi sandwiches and those sandwiches are sold on the streets at rock-bottom prices compared to McDonald’s and Burger King.” Make one sentence.
  3. What does the idiom ” mend fences” mean? “It wasn’t until that the United States and Vietnam mended fences and opened the door for trade.” Use it in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. In your opinion, how much of McDonald’s struggle in Vietnam can be attributed to cultural differences, and to what extent should multinational companies adapt their strategies to fit local cultures?
  2. Do you believe McDonald’s could have succeeded in Vietnam with a different menu tailored specifically to Vietnamese tastes, or was the issue more deeply rooted in other factors? Share your thoughts.
  3. How did changing consumer trends towards healthier eating impact McDonald’s in Vietnam, and what lessons can other international fast-food chains learn from this experience?

Gucci Knockoff Is Totally Legal

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In the ever-evolving landscape of consumerism and global markets, the issue of knock-offs, or imitation products resembling popular brands such as Gucci, has sparked considerable debate.

While the term “knockoff” often carries a negative connotation, it is essential to recognize that not all imitations fall into the realm of illegality.

Surprisingly, in certain contexts and under specific conditions, knockoffs can be legally produced and distributed.

Watch the video to know more and be able to answer the questions below.

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “knockoff” mean? “New technology and the speed of production have amplified the two views on knockoffs.” Give 1-2 synonyms or similar expressions and use “knockoff” in your own sentence.
  2. What does “battleground” mean in this context? “In fashion, the main battleground is copyright.” Give 1-2 synonyms or similar expressions and use “battleground” in your own sentence.
  3. What does the phrase “at stake” mean? “It’s hard to protect fashion designs because it’s not obvious that protecting them promotes progress. And from a legal perspective, that’s all that matters. Even though to the artists, that’s not the only at stake.” Give 1-2 synonyms or similar expressions and use “at stake” in your own sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What is your stance on the legality of Gucci knock-offs? Do you believe it is fair for these imitation products to be considered legal under certain circumstances? Explain.
  2. Do you think the legality of Gucci knock-offs promotes healthy competition in the fashion industry, or does it undermine the efforts of genuine designers and brands? Share your thoughts.
  3. How does the legal status of Gucci knock-offs impact the broader conversation about intellectual property rights and the balance between consumer choices and brand protection?
  4. How does the existence of legal knock-offs be seen as a positive aspect, providing more affordable alternatives for consumers who aspire to the luxury brand but cannot afford the original products?

Signs of Burnout from a Job You Love

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Passion is one of the factors people consider when looking for a job. It’s a wonderful thing when your profession matches with your passion. Unfortunately, in certain cases, you will still experience burnout while doing what you enjoy the most.

Read this article to learn about the signs of burnout from a job you love.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/burnout-signs-symptoms_l_5cf143efe4b0e8085e390737

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “phone something in” mean in this context? “You now finish the day without a sense of accomplishment and find yourself “phoning in” deadlines.” Make a sentence with this phrase.
  2. Define “throw yourself into something”. “Throw yourself into something else where you can feel a sense of progress and mastery and momentum because you’re not having that met at your job.” Use this in a sentence.
  3. What is the meaning of “slippery slope“? “This is not just like, ‘Oh, work kind of sucks right now.’ It’s ‘I’m in danger of going down a slippery slope if I don’t take care of this.’” Give two similar expressions and make a sentence with this phrase.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Have you ever had a job that was aligned with your passion? Talk about it.
  2. Are there instances when you feel emotionally drained even if you enjoy doing your job? Kindly share about it.
  3. What challenges might someone have when doing the job they love?
  4. Do you find it challenging to recharge even during the weekends or time off? Share about this.
  5. How can a person suffering from burnout recover from it?

Introduction to Workplace Discrimination

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Instances of bias and unfairness include looking down on individuals, which reflects a judgmental attitude of superiority. Discrimination may also box in people, restricting them to predefined roles, or cutting off opportunities for certain groups. Exclusion is evident when individuals are shut out or deliberately kept from participating, as in cases of religious discrimination. Unfair criticism and disrespect can hold back individuals from reaching their potential, while systemic discrimination may “push out” marginalized communities from economic opportunities. 

Efforts to combat discrimination involve promoting equality, diversity, and inclusion. Legal frameworks, education, awareness campaigns, and social activism play crucial roles in addressing and preventing discrimination. The goal is to create societies where all individuals have equal rights, opportunities, and dignity, regardless of their inherent characteristics.

Key forms of discrimination include:

  • Racial Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on race or ethnicity. This can lead to prejudice, stereotypes, and unequal access to opportunities.
  • Gender Discrimination: Discrimination based on gender, affecting both men and women. It can manifest in unequal pay, limited career opportunities, or social expectations.
  • Age Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on a person’s age. This is often seen in employment decisions, with older or younger individuals facing discrimination.
  • Religious Discrimination: Discrimination based on a person’s religious beliefs or practices. This can lead to exclusion, bias, or even persecution.
  • Sexual Orientation Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on an individual’s sexual orientation, such as being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. This can result in social stigma, harassment, or denial of rights.
  • Disability Discrimination: Discrimination against individuals with disabilities. This can involve barriers to accessibility, unequal opportunities, or negative stereotypes.
  • Social Class Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on social and economic status. This can result in limited access to education, employment, and healthcare for individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

Read this article about discrimination, its definition, forms, and where to get help if you are victim of unlawful workplace discrimination.

Be ready to discuss and answer the questions that follow.

https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/introduction-discrimination

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does the idiom “to take action” mean in the sentence, “If your employer treats you less favourably for an unlawful reason, you may be able to take action.”? Use the phrase in your own words.
  2. What does “dismiss” mean in the sentence, “There are also laws which forbid workers from being dismissed or treated less favourably than other workers because they do.“? Give 2 synonyms or similar expressions and use “dismiss” in a sentence.
  3. What does the expression “to treat someone less favorably” mean in the sentence, “Direct discrimination happens when an employer treats an employee less favourably than someone else because of one of the above reasons.”? Give 2 synonyms and use ‘to treat someone less favorably’ in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. How common is discrimination in the workplace in your society? Why do you think this is the case?
  2. What forms of discriminatory behavior in the workplace have you noticed?
  3. Are the differences between people a reason to celebrate or a source of problems? Elaborate on your insights.
  4. Have you been ever suffered any form of discrimination? What made you feel this way?

The Language of Menus

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Restaurants around the world offer different menus with unique and distinctive names for their listed dishes, which can be perplexing most of the time.

We often wonder if they have their own language that they use to name and describe their food.

Listen to this audio and read the transcript about how restaurants come up with the food descriptions on their menus that make their dishes seem “appealing, tasty, or poetic”.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english_2024/ep-240125

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “haute cuisine” mean? “Many of the words used to describe gourmet food – that’s food which is higher-quality and more sophisticated than usual – are French, coming from a country with a long tradition of high-level cooking called haute cuisine.” Construct your own sentence using this phrase.
  2. Do you know the meaning of “turn (someone) off“? “Some diners like the French names, but it turns other diners off.” Use this expression in your own sentence.
  3. How about the word “not available to everyone“? “Caroline thinks French makes her cooking sound too posh, too fashionable, expensive and not available to everyone.” Use this idiom in a sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. What are your thoughts on the confusing menu selection?
  2. What steps do you typically take to make sure you don’t regret your menu selections? What are the usual questions you ask if you are confused about the name or description of a certain dish?
  3. Do you think the language used to describe food affect our psychology? Explain your insights.
  4. What are your thoughts on this, “There’s a tendency to not use French because it sounds pretentious.“? Would it turn you off as a diner? Why or why not?
  5. Could you share a funny or embarrassing experience with menu selection? What’s the moral lesson you learned from that experience?

Mood-Boosting Food

B2 – Upper Intermediate

It goes without saying that food can really affect our body. Experts say that reducing unhealthy food intake and eating healthy food can positively impact your mental health. Hence, it’s really important to be mindful of the food you eat during meals.

Read this article to learn about the five mood-boosting food.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mood-boosting-foods_l_64b81bfce4b09a3b489080a3

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. What does “precursor” mean? “Tryptophan is an amino acid precursor to serotonin,” Behairy explained, “so look for foods like turkey, chicken, eggs, dairy, nuts and seeds.” Make a sentence with this word.
  2. Define “intersperse“. “I think that implementing small, lasting changes will help you go a long way, much further than sporadic days of ‘clean eating interspersed with ‘binges,’ Naidoo said.” Make a sentence using this word and give two synonyms.
  3. What is the meaning of “catch up” in this context? “And even if your mood hasn’t caught up yet, do know that your gut notices and appreciates what you’re doing right away.” Make a sentence using this phrase and give two synonyms.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Have you ever tried including mood-boosting foods into your diet? If so, did you notice any improvements in your mood?
  2. Which of the five mood-boosting foods suggested in the article have you already incorporated into your daily meals?
  3. How do you usually manage your mood or emotional well-being with your food or lifestyle choices?
  4. Do you feel there is a significant connection between the foods you eat and your overall emotional state? Talk about it.
  5. Are there any seasons or times of year when you find it more difficult to keep your spirits up and do you change your diet accordingly? Share about this.

Intuitive Eating

B2 – Upper Intermediate

Shifting from strict diets to intuitive eating means being kind to ourselves and tuning in to what our bodies want. It’s about enjoying food, moving a bit, and recognizing our differences. Yet, it’s tough because society insists we should look a certain way.

The person in the article tried intuitive eating for ten days and discovered a lot, such as enjoying favorite foods without feeling bad. It’s a journey to feeling good about ourselves and realizing it’s okay not to follow strict diets.

This topic prompts us to ponder our food habits and how societal ideas shape our self-perception. It’s about understanding ourselves and finding what genuinely makes us feel healthy and happy.

https://www.healthline.com/health/my-first-week-of-intuitive-eating#Everything-I-learned-during-10-days-of-intuitive-eating

Vocabulary Questions

  1. What does the word “off-limit” mean in the sentence, “Throughout the entire 10 days of eating intuitively, I was a little fixated on certain foods that used to be off-limits and it was honestly really fun to follow those cravings without guilt.”? Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does the phrase “jack up” mean in the sentence, “By day two, one thing became very clear — years of restricting followed by overindulgence and overeating has completely jacked up my hunger signals.”? Give 2 synonyms and use the phrase ‘jack up’ in a sentence.
  3. What does the term “hamster wheel” mean in the sentence, “Freedom from the hamster wheel of dieting is worth it to me.”? Use it in a sentence.

Discussion Questions

  1. Have you ever tried eating just when you feel hungry and stopping when you’re full? How did it go for you?
  2. Do you think it’s hard to eat intuitively because of what people say about how we should look? Why or why not?
  3. What good things can happen if someone listens to their body and eats what feels right instead of following strict diets?
  4. How do our thoughts about eating affect our choices?
  5. Do you think more people will like the idea of intuitive eating if they find out it’s good for their health? Explain.

Relationship Marketing

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In relationship marketing, businesses aim to build long-term relationships with customers. Rather than rushing to sell things, they focus on building solid connections. They work with the marketing team, using tools like databases to understand what customers enjoy.

Trust is important in the process. If customers don’t trust the company, things get tricky. So, relationship marketing is like playing the long game, collaborating, and using smart tools to keep everyone smiling.

Check out the article below to know about relationship marketing.

https://englisharticles.info/relationship-marketing/

Vocabulary Questions

  1. What does the term “message differentiation” mean in the sentence, “And rather than just selling, the sales department works with marketing to use techniques like database marketing, message differentiation to different target markets, and tracking of promotional effects to improve the relationship.”? Use it in a sentence.
  2. What does the word “flagging” mean in the sentence, “AT&T builds databases of customers with similar profiles, flagging those with the most potential for up-selling.“? Use it in a sentence.
  3. What does the phrase “converted leads” mean in the sentence “The number of qualified and converted leads generated from a medium will be less important.”? Use it in a sentence.

Discussion Questions

  1. Have you ever experienced a situation where a business went the extra mile to make you feel valued as a long-term customer? Talk about it.
  2. In your understanding, how are leads generated to sustain long-term connections with customers?
  3. What benefits do businesses derive from adopting a relationship marketing approach?
  4. What do you think businesses might lose if they ignore relationship marketing?
  5. How do you think relationship marketing will change in the future?

The Rwandan Genocide

B2 – Upper Intermediate

In 1994, around 800,000 people were wiped out in 100 days in Rwanda. The genocide was triggered by the rocket attack on the plane carrying the then President Juvenal Habyarimana which led to his death.

Let’s watch the video and know more about the series of events that led to the Rwandan genocide.

Vocabulary Questions:

  1. Define the verb “engulf“. “Neighbor turned against neighbor as violence engulfed the region.” Use it in your own sentence and give two synonyms.
  2. What does “on good terms” mean, “Many Hutus and Tutsi civilians were on good terms, but colonial powers encouraged political division.” Use it in a sentence and give two synonyms.
  3. What does “self-preservation” mean? “Over one million Hutu civilians joined their ranks due to coercion, self-preservation, or the pursuit of personal agendas.” Use it in your own sentence.

Discussion Questions:

  1. Share your insights on this, ““Many Hutus and Tutsi civilians were on good terms, but colonial powers encouraged political division.”.
  2. What is the concept of gacaca? How does this system work and what are your thoughts on this?
  3. Do you agree or disagree that “These verdicts helped restore the dignity of those lost in the violence.“? Share your opinion.